Should Symbionts Be Nice or Selfish? Antiviral Effects of Wolbachia Are Costly but Reproductive Parasitism Is Not.
Should Symbionts Be Nice or Selfish? Antiviral Effects of Wolbachia Are Costly but Reproductive Parasitism Is Not.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.1005021
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发表时间：
2015-07
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Jiggins FM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martinez J;Ok S;Smith S;Snoeck K;Day JP;Jiggins FM
共生体可以有互惠效应，增加其宿主的适应性和/或寄生效应，减少它。这些策略的发展部分取决于它们的成本和利益的平衡共生体。我们已经在沃尔巴克氏体中研究了这些问题，沃尔巴克氏体是一种垂直传播的昆虫内共生体，可以提供对病毒感染的保护和/或寄生操纵其宿主的繁殖。在多个共生菌株中，我们发现细胞质不相容性和抗病毒保护的寄生表型是不相关的。强抗病毒保护与其他健身相关性状的大幅减少，而没有这样的权衡检测细胞质不相容性。这种差异的原因可能是抗病毒保护需要高共生体密度，但细胞质不相容性不需要。这些结果对于使用沃尔巴克氏体阻断登革热病毒通过蚊子传播是重要的，因为减少这些成本的自然选择可能导致共生体密度降低和抗病毒保护的丧失。节肢动物通常被遗传性细菌感染，其中一些共生体可以保护其宿主免受感染和/或成为生殖寄生虫。这些特征中的哪一个会进化取决于该特征对共生体和宿主来说是否是昂贵的。使用一组共生体沃尔巴克氏体在果蝇模拟菌株，我们发现，抗病毒保护的有益效果和寄生表型的细胞质不相容性独立发生在菌株。我们发现，高抗病毒保护与高共生体密度和影响共生体和宿主适应性的其他生活史特征的强烈减少有关。相反，细胞质不亲和性并没有引起这些性状的成本。抗病毒保护和其他健康成分之间的这种权衡可能会选择减少抗病毒保护，这将危及使用沃尔巴克氏体阻止蚊媒病毒传播的长期成功计划。
Symbionts can have mutualistic effects that increase their host’s fitness and/or parasitic effects that reduce it. Which of these strategies evolves depends in part on the balance of their costs and benefits to the symbiont. We have examined these questions in Wolbachia, a vertically transmitted endosymbiont of insects that can provide protection against viral infection and/or parasitically manipulate its hosts’ reproduction. Across multiple symbiont strains we find that the parasitic phenotype of cytoplasmic incompatibility and antiviral protection are uncorrelated. Strong antiviral protection is associated with substantial reductions in other fitness-related traits, whereas no such trade-off was detected for cytoplasmic incompatibility. The reason for this difference is likely that antiviral protection requires high symbiont densities but cytoplasmic incompatibility does not. These results are important for the use of Wolbachia to block dengue virus transmission by mosquitoes, as natural selection to reduce these costs may lead to reduced symbiont density and the loss of antiviral protection. Arthropods are commonly infected with heritable bacteria, and some of these symbionts can protect their hosts against infection and/or be reproductive parasites. Which of these traits evolves will depend on whether the trait is costly to the symbiont and the host. Using a panel of strains of the symbiont Wolbachia in the fruit fly Drosophila simulans, we found that the beneficial effect of antiviral protection and the parasitic phenotype of cytoplasmic incompatibility occur independently across the strains. We found that high antiviral protection is associated with high symbiont densities and strong reductions in other life-history traits affecting the fitness of both the symbiont and the host. In contrast cytoplasmic incompatibility did not induce costs on these traits. This trade-off between antiviral protection and other fitness components may select for reduced antiviral protection, which would endanger the long-term success of programs using Wolbachia to block the transmission of mosquito-borne viruses.
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影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Frentiu FD;Zakir T;Walker T;Popovici J;Pyke AT;van den Hurk A;McGraw EA;O'Neill SL
通讯作者：
O'Neill SL
影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
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3.8
作者：
Hoffmann AA;Iturbe-Ormaetxe I;Callahan AG;Phillips BL;Billington K;Axford JK;Montgomery B;Turley AP;O'Neill SL
通讯作者：
O'Neill SL
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
O'Neill SL