Mental Contrasting of Counterfactual Fantasies Engages People in Their Present Life
Mental Contrasting of Counterfactual Fantasies Engages People in Their Present Life
复制标题
反事实幻想的心理对比使人们参与当前的生活
DOI：
10.1037/mot0000080
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Oettingen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oettingen
关于另一个过去的积极反事实是对事实过去的“如果”重建。它们的功能是让人们做好准备，以便在随后恢复反事实过去的机会出现时采取行动。然而，当反事实的过去无法恢复时，反事实可能会导致日常生活中的痛苦和困难。在这些情况下，放下与事实相反的过去应该有助于人们积极地参与他们现在的生活。先前的研究表明，当人们使用心理对比的自我调节策略时，会释放反事实的过去。基于这些发现，我们调查心理对比是否有助于人们积极参与他们现在的生活。在3项实验研究中，（相对于沉溺于反事实的幻想和阐述无关的内容）导致人们在人际关系领域中努力并成功地表现出来。（即，给一个亲密的朋友写一封高质量的问候信，研究1），专业领域（即写一份高质量的工作申请，研究2），和学术领域（即成功地解决乌鸦矩阵，研究3）。结果表明，反事实幻想的心理对比可以帮助人们积极参与并在现实生活中取得成功。
Positive counterfactuals about an alternative past are “if only” reconstructions of the factual past. They are functional in preparing people to act when subsequent opportunities to restore the counterfactual past will arise. When the counterfactual past cannot be restored, however, counterfactuals can be dysfunctional by leading to distress and difficulties in coping with everyday life. In those cases, letting go of the counterfactual past should help people to actively engage in their present life. Previous research showed that people let go of the counterfactual past when they used the self-regulation strategy of mental contrasting. Building on these findings, we investigate whether mental contrasting helps people to actively engage in their present life. In 3 experimental studies, mental contrasting (vs. indulging in counterfactual fantasies and elaborating on irrelevant content) led people to exert effort and successfully perform in the interpersonal domain (ie, writing a high-quality get-well letter to a close friend, Study 1), the professional domain (ie, writing a high-quality job application, Study 2), and the academic domain (ie, successfully solving Raven matrices, Study 3). The results suggest that mental contrasting of counterfactual fantasies can help people to actively engage and succeed in their present life.
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Matthew N. McMullen;K. Markman
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Elizabeth A. Dyczewski;K. Markman
通讯作者：
K. Markman