Transplantation of Xenopus laevis tissues to determine the ability of motor neurons to acquire a novel target.
Transplantation of Xenopus laevis tissues to determine the ability of motor neurons to acquire a novel target.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0055541
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Fritzsch B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elliott KL;Houston DW;Fritzsch B
新奇事物的进化起源是生物学的一个中心问题。例如，在细胞水平上，这需要从分子上解决脑干运动神经元如何将其神经支配目标从肌纤维（鳃运动神经元）转变为神经嵴源性神经节（内脏运动神经元）或耳源性毛细胞（内耳和侧线传出神经元）。将各种组织移植到运动神经元轴突通路中，可以确定任何运动神经元支配新目标的能力。将几种接受直接、间接和不接受运动神经支配的组织移植到非洲爪蟾胚胎不同运动神经元群体的通路中。耳朵、心脏和肺被移植到眼眶，代替了眼睛。下颌和眼肌被移植到躯干，取代了部分肌肉。应用亲脂性染料和免疫组织化学显示运动神经元轴突终末。通过动眼神经或滑车神经接受运动神经元轴突的是耳朵，而不是somite来源的肌肉、心脏或肝脏。当替换耳朵时，somite来源的肌肉组织可能受到舌下神经的支配。与我们之前关于脊髓运动神经元支配耳神经的报道相反，当移植到躯干时，没有组织（眼或颚肌）受神经支配。综上所述，这些结果表明运动神经支配具有一定的可塑性，但并非每个运动神经元都能成为正常接收运动输入的任何目标的传出神经。在我们的样本中，唯一能被所有运动神经元支配的组织是耳朵。我们对这种明显的独特性提出了一些可能的、可测试的分子建议。
The evolutionary origin of novelties is a central problem in biology. At a cellular level this requires, for example, molecularly resolving how brainstem motor neurons change their innervation target from muscle fibers (branchial motor neurons) to neural crest-derived ganglia (visceral motor neurons) or ear-derived hair cells (inner ear and lateral line efferent neurons). Transplantation of various tissues into the path of motor neuron axons could determine the ability of any motor neuron to innervate a novel target. Several tissues that receive direct, indirect, or no motor innervation were transplanted into the path of different motor neuron populations in Xenopus laevis embryos. Ears, somites, hearts, and lungs were transplanted to the orbit, replacing the eye. Jaw and eye muscle were transplanted to the trunk, replacing a somite. Applications of lipophilic dyes and immunohistochemistry to reveal motor neuron axon terminals were used. The ear, but not somite-derived muscle, heart, or liver, received motor neuron axons via the oculomotor or trochlear nerves. Somite-derived muscle tissue was innervated, likely by the hypoglossal nerve, when replacing the ear. In contrast to our previous report on ear innervation by spinal motor neurons, none of the tissues (eye or jaw muscle) was innervated when transplanted to the trunk. Taken together, these results suggest that there is some plasticity inherent to motor innervation, but not every motor neuron can become an efferent to any target that normally receives motor input. The only tissue among our samples that can be innervated by all motor neurons tested is the ear. We suggest some possible, testable molecular suggestions for this apparent uniqueness.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0600805103
发表时间：
2006-06-06
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Dufour, Heloise D.;Chettouh, Zoubida;Brunet, Jean-Francois
通讯作者：
Brunet, Jean-Francois
哺乳动物烟碱乙酰胆碱受体：从结构到功能。
影响因子：
33.6
作者：
Albuquerque EX;Pereira EF;Alkondon M;Rogers SW
通讯作者：
Rogers SW
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
FRITZSCH, B;NICHOLS, DH
通讯作者：
NICHOLS, DH
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
de Castro, Braulio M.;De Jaeger, Xavier;Prado, Vania F.
通讯作者：
Prado, Vania F.
影响因子：
6.5
作者：
CANNATELLA, DC;DESA, RO
通讯作者：
DESA, RO