Fire and ice: Winter flooding in a Southern Rocky Mountain stream after a wildfire
Fire and ice: Winter flooding in a Southern Rocky Mountain stream after a wildfire
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火与冰：野火后落基山脉南部溪流冬季洪水泛滥
DOI：
10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108370
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Wohl, Ellen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
White, Daniel C.;Morrison, Ryan R.;Wohl, Ellen
我们在美国科罗拉多州南部落基山脉的卡奇拉波德河支流小海狸小溪上观察到了低流量洪水现象。冰的厚度从几厘米到0.5米不等，占据了航道的很大一部分，迫使水流流出河岸。有两次，连续多天异常温暖的天气导致积雪融化激增，在洪峰径流前60天，河滩水位被超过。水流事件发生在冬末，六个月前，一场野火烧毁了分水岭的大部分，严重程度为中到高度。火山灰和其他有机物质在溢流过程中被动员起来，我们观察到最近火山灰在泛滥平原沉积的证据，以及河道中高浓度的火山灰。在同一时间段，摄像机镜头捕捉到了在原木堵塞时形成和坍塌的大量冰雪。由于气候变化预测和最近的观察表明，天气模式、野火状况和降水事件的变异性更大，与冰有关的冬季洪水可能会变得更加常见，尽管在小山溪流中没有广泛的记录。洪水以及随后的火山灰和其他沉积物的沉积会扰乱河流演变，损害当地的生物群落，造成财产损失，并影响饮用水水源。
We observed a low-discharge flooding phenomenon on Little Beaver Creek, a tributary to the Cache la Poudre River in the Southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado, USA. Ice ranging in thickness from a few centimeters to 0.5 m occupied a large volume of the channel, forcing flows out of its banks. On two occasions, multiple consecutive days of uncharacteristically warm weather caused a spike in snowmelt, and bankfull stage was surpassed 60 days before peak runoff. The flow events occurred in late winter, six months after a wildfire had burned a large portion of the watershed at medium-to-high severity. Ash and other organic materials were mobilized during the overbank flows, and we observed evidence of recent ash deposition in the floodplain and high ash concentrations in the channel. During the same time period, camera footage captured the formation and collapse of a large accumulation of ice and snow at a log jam. Because climate change projections and recent observations indicate higher variability in weather patterns, wildfire regime, and precipitation events, winter flooding associated with ice, although not widely documented in small mountain streams, may become more common. Flooding and subsequent deposition of ash and other sediment can disrupt fluvial processes, impair the local biotic community, cause property damage, and impact drinking water sources.
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