Centralspindlin: at the heart of cytokinesis.

Centralspindlin: at the heart of cytokinesis.
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DOI:
10.1002/cm.21065
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发表时间:
2012-11
期刊:
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Glotzer, Michael
Glotzer, Michael
中科院分区:
生物学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
White, Erin A.;Glotzer, Michael

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细胞周期的最后一步是通过胞质分裂形成两个遗传相同的子细胞。动物细胞胞质分裂的核心是中枢纺锤蛋白复合体,它由两种蛋白组成:一种驱动蛋白样蛋白 MKLP1 和一种 Rho GTP 酶激活蛋白 CYK-4。通过在染色体分离后立即靶向定位到反平行微管重叠的狭窄区域,centralspindlin 启动了中心纺锤体组装。 Centralspindlin 在细胞分裂过程中具有多种关键功能,包括分裂平面的定位、Rho 家族 GTP 酶的调节以及中体组装和脱落。在这篇综述中,我们将研究中枢轴蛋白的生物化学及其在细胞分裂过程中的多种功能。值得注意的是,它的一些关键功能有些出乎意料。尽管中枢轴蛋白具有运动域,但它在生成稳定的反平行微管束方面发挥着重要作用。尽管它含有 Rho 家族 GAP 结构域,但它在胞质分裂过程中 RhoA 的激活中起着核心作用。最后,centralspindlin 充当运动蛋白复合物、脱落关键调节因子的支架蛋白以及传统的 RhoGAP。由于这些不同的功能,中枢纺锤蛋白位于细胞因子机制的核心。
The final step in the cell cycle is the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells by cytokinesis. At the heart of cytokinesis in animal cells is the centralspindlin complex which is comprised of two proteins, a kinesin-like protein, MKLP1, and a Rho GTPase activating protein, CYK-4. Through its targeted localization to a narrow region of antiparallel microtubule overlap immediately following chromosome segregation, centralspindlin initiates central spindle assembly. Centralspindlin has several critical functions during cell division including positioning of the division plane, regulation of Rho family GTPases, as well as midbody assembly and abscission. In this review we will examine the biochemistry of centralspindlin and its multiple functions during cell division. Remarkably, several of its critical functions are somewhat unexpected. Although endowed with motor domains, centralspindlin has an important role in generating stable, antiparallel microtubule bundles. Although it contains a Rho family GAP domain, it has a central role in the activation of RhoA during cytokinesis. Finally, centralspindlin functions as a motor protein complex, as a scaffold protein for key regulators of abscission, and as a conventional RhoGAP. Because of these diverse functions, centralspindlin lies at the heart of the cytokinetic mechanism.
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