Redefining essential fatty acids in the era of novel intravenous lipid emulsions.
Redefining essential fatty acids in the era of novel intravenous lipid emulsions.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.clnu.2017.07.004
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发表时间：
2018-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Puder M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anez-Bustillos L;Dao DT;Fell GL;Baker MA;Gura KM;Bistrian BR;Puder M
脂肪酸的重要性是由Burrs在20世纪20年代确定的。随后，人们普遍认为，亚油酸（LA）和α-亚麻酸（ALA）的供应可以预防和逆转必需脂肪酸缺乏症（EFAD）。LA和ALA含量低的替代注射用脂肪乳剂（ILE）的开发引起了对其预防EFAD能力的担忧。这篇综述提供了生物化学证据，以及动物和人类研究的观察结果，旨在确定哪些脂肪酸对预防EFAD真正至关重要。逆转化途径和从体内储存的动员表明，花生四烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸（ARA和DHA -分别是LA和ALA的主要衍生物）也可以预防EFAD。我们的研究小组首先提出了ARA和DHA的重要性，通过专门喂养小鼠这些脂肪酸并证明它们可以预防EFAD。在这种饮食中存活5代提供了额外的证据，证明生长和生殖能力得到了维持。此外，使用含有少量LA和ALA以及丰富DHA和ARA的鱼油基ILE治疗肠衰竭相关肝病不会导致EFAD。这些发现挑战了LA和ALA在ARA和DHA存在下的必要性。本综述中讨论的证据支持ARA和DHA可以独立满足膳食必需脂肪酸需求的观点。美国即将推出富含ARA和DHA的新ILE，这突出了理解其必要性的重要性，特别是当ALA和LA的供应低于既定的每日最低需求量时。
The essentiality of fatty acids was determined by the Burrs in the 1920s. Subsequently, it is commonly accepted that provision of linoleic (LA) and alpha-linolenic acids (ALA) prevents and reverses essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD). Development of alternative injectable lipid emulsions (ILE) low in LA and ALA has raised concern about their ability to prevent EFAD. This review provides biochemical evidence coupled with observations from animal and human studies that aim to characterize which fatty acids are truly essential to prevent EFAD. Retroconversion pathways and mobilization from body stores suggest that arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids (ARA and DHA – the main derivatives of LA and ALA, respectively) also prevent EFAD. Our group first proposed the essentiality of ARA and DHA by feeding mice exclusively these fatty acids and proving that they prevent EFAD. Survival for 5 generations on this diet provides additional evidence that growth and reproductive capabilities are maintained. Moreover, the use of fish oil-based ILE, which contain minimal LA and ALA and abundant DHA and ARA, for treatment of intestinal failure-associated liver disease, does not result in EFAD. These findings challenge the essentiality of LA and ALA in the presence of ARA and DHA. Evidence discussed in this review supports the idea that ARA and DHA can independently fulfill dietary essential fatty acid requirements. The imminent introduction of new ILE rich in ARA and DHA in the United States highlights the importance of understanding their essentiality, especially when provision of ALA and LA is below the established daily minimum requirement.
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DOI：
10.1016/0005-2760(85)90009-8
发表时间：
1985-01-01
期刊：
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA
影响因子：
--
作者：
HANSEN, HS;JENSEN, B
通讯作者：
JENSEN, B
影响因子：
8
作者：
Gura, Kathleen M.;Lee, Sang;Puder, Mark
通讯作者：
Puder, Mark
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
ABUSHUFA, R;REED, P;SHAFFER, J
通讯作者：
SHAFFER, J
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
CALDWELL, MD;OTHERSEN, HB;JONSSON, HT
通讯作者：
JONSSON, HT
DOI：
10.1177/0884533616662996
发表时间：
2016-10
期刊：
Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
影响因子：
--
作者：
Anez-Bustillos L;Dao DT;Baker MA;Fell GL;Puder M;Gura KM
通讯作者：
Gura KM