Cryptic choice of conspecific sperm controlled by the impact of ovarian fluid on sperm swimming behavior.
Cryptic choice of conspecific sperm controlled by the impact of ovarian fluid on sperm swimming behavior.
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DOI：
10.1111/evo.12208
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发表时间：
2013-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gage MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yeates SE;Diamond SE;Einum S;Emerson BC;Holt WV;Gage MJ
尽管有证据表明，在许多受精系统中存在的雄性-雌性生殖相容性的变化，确定在配子水平上的隐性雌性选择的机制一直是一个挑战。在这里，通过杂交遗传不相容的风险下，我们展示了鲑鱼和鳟鱼卵如何促进同种精子受精。使用体外受精实验，复制配子微环境，我们发现两个物种之间的完全干涉。然而，如果两个物种的卵子都有相同数量的两种精子，同种精子就会优先受精。令人惊讶的是，卵的物种身份并不能解释这种神秘的雌性选择，相反，这主要是由同种卵巢液控制的，这是一种半粘性的，富含蛋白质的溶液，可以沐浴卵，并在产卵时释放。视频分析显示，卵巢液使精子活动寿命延长一倍，并使游泳轨迹变直，这些行为使化学吸引力上升到浓度梯度。为了确认化学吸引，细胞迁移试验通过膜含有孔，接近卵珠孔表明，同种卵巢液吸引更多的精子通过膜，与异源流体或水相比。这些综合研究结果共同确定了如何神秘的女性选择可以在配子水平上进化，并促进生殖隔离，介导的卵巢液对精子游泳行为的特定化学吸引力的影响。
Despite evidence that variation in male–female reproductive compatibility exists in many fertilization systems, identifying mechanisms of cryptic female choice at the gamete level has been a challenge. Here, under risks of genetic incompatibility through hybridization, we show how salmon and trout eggs promote fertilization by conspecific sperm. Using in vitro fertilization experiments that replicate the gametic microenvironment, we find complete interfertility between both species. However, if either species’ ova were presented with equivalent numbers of both sperm types, conspecific sperm gained fertilization precedence. Surprisingly, the species’ identity of the eggs did not explain this cryptic female choice, which instead was primarily controlled by conspecific ovarian fluid, a semiviscous, protein-rich solution that bathes the eggs and is released at spawning. Video analyses revealed that ovarian fluid doubled sperm motile life span and straightened swimming trajectory, behaviors allowing chemoattraction up a concentration gradient. To confirm chemoattraction, cell migration tests through membranes containing pores that approximated to the egg micropyle showed that conspecific ovarian fluid attracted many more spermatozoa through the membrane, compared with heterospecific fluid or water. These combined findings together identify how cryptic female choice can evolve at the gamete level and promote reproductive isolation, mediated by a specific chemoattractive influence of ovarian fluid on sperm swimming behavior.
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