Toxicity and action mechanisms of silver nanoparticles against the mycotoxin-producing fungus Fusarium graminearum.
Toxicity and action mechanisms of silver nanoparticles against the mycotoxin-producing fungus Fusarium graminearum.
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纳米银对产霉菌毒素真菌禾谷镰刀菌的毒性及作用机制
DOI：
10.1016/j.jare.2021.09.006
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发表时间：
2022-05
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
Yin, Yanni
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jian, Yunqing;Chen, Xia;Ahmed, Temoor;Shang, Qinghua;Zhang, Shuai;Ma, Zhonghua;Yin, Yanni
关键词：
AgNPs对杀真菌剂抗性菌株具有高活性。AgNPs对真菌毒素产生菌F.禾谷早熟禾银纳米颗粒诱导两个唑类耐药相关ABC基因的表达。AgNPs通过激发ROS导致毒素体和臭名昭著的真菌毒素DON的积累。AgNPs与减少DON的杀菌剂组合被推荐用于FHB控制。禾谷镰刀菌（Fusarium graminearum）是禾谷类作物上最具破坏性的真菌病原体，其引起禾谷镰刀菌头枯病（FHB），导致严重的产量损失和食品和饲料中的真菌毒素污染。银纳米粒子（AgNPs）由于其强的抗微生物活性而被广泛应用于多个领域，并且被认为是杀真菌剂的替代品。然而，抗真菌机制和AgNPs对真菌毒素产生的影响还没有得到很好的表征。本研究旨在探讨银纳米粒子对抗药性和敏感性真菌的抑菌活性及其机制。禾谷镰刀菌菌株，确定其对真菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）生产的影响，并评估AgNPs在田间用于FHB管理的潜力。扫描电子显微镜（SEM），透射电子显微镜（TEM）和荧光显微镜检查AgNPs引起的真菌形态变化。此外，进行RNA-Seq、qRT-PCR和蛋白质印迹以检测基因转录和DON水平。直径为2 nm的AgNPs对杀菌剂敏感和耐药的F.禾谷早熟禾进一步的研究表明，AgNP的应用可能会损害该真菌的发育，细胞结构，细胞能量利用和代谢途径。RNA-Seq分析和敏感性测定表明，AgNP处理显著诱导唑类相关ATP结合盒（ABC）转运蛋白的表达，而不影响唑类在F.禾谷早熟禾AgNP处理刺激活性氧（ROS）的产生，随后诱导DON生物合成基因的转录，毒素体的形成和真菌毒素的产生。本研究揭示了AgNPs抗F.测定了AgNPs对DON产生的影响，并评估了AgNPs用于控制抗杀真菌剂F.禾谷镰刀菌总之，我们的研究结果表明，AgNPs与DON减少杀真菌剂的组合可用于未来的FHB管理。
AgNPs possess high activity towards fungicide-resistant strains. AgNPs exert great activity against mycotoxin-producing fungus F. graminearum. AgNPs induce the expression of two azole resistance-related ABC genes. AgNPs lead to accumulation of toxisome and notorious mycotoxin DON by provoking ROS. AgNPs combined with DON-reducing fungicides are recommended for FHB control. Fusarium graminearum is a most destructive fungal pathogen that causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease in cereal crops, resulting in severe yield loss and mycotoxin contamination in food and feed. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are extensively applied in multiple fields due to their strong antimicrobial activity and are considered alternatives to fungicides. However, the antifungal mechanisms and the effects of AgNPs on mycotoxin production have not been well characterized. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity and mechanisms of AgNPs against both fungicide-resistant and fungicide-sensitive F. graminearum strains, determine their effects on mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) production, and evaluate the potential of AgNPs for FHB management in the field. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and fluorescence microscopy were used to examine the fungal morphological changes caused by AgNPs. In addition, RNA-Seq, qRT-PCR, and western blotting were conducted to detect gene transcription and DON levels. AgNPs with a diameter of 2 nm exhibited effective antifungal activity against both fungicide-sensitive and fungicide-resistant strains of F. graminearum. Further studies showed that AgNP application could impair the development, cell structure, cellular energy utilization, and metabolism pathways of this fungus. RNA-Seq analysis and sensitivity determination revealed that AgNP treatment significantly induced the expression of azole-related ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters without compromising the control efficacy of azoles in F. graminearum. AgNP treatment stimulated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), subsequently induced transcription of DON biosynthesis genes, toxisome formation, and mycotoxin production. This study revealed the underlying mechanisms of AgNPs against F. graminearum, determined their effects on DON production, and evaluated the potential of AgNPs for controlling fungicide-resistant F. graminearum strains. Together, our findings suggest that combinations of AgNPs with DON-reducing fungicides could be used for the management of FHB in the future.
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