In vivo delivery of miRNAs for cancer therapy: challenges and strategies.

In vivo delivery of miRNAs for cancer therapy: challenges and strategies.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.addr.2014.05.009
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发表时间:
2015-01
影响因子:
16.1
通讯作者:
Huang, Leaf
Huang, Leaf
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chen, Yunching;Gao, Dong-Yu;Huang, Leaf

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microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类非编码小分子RNA,可调控转录后基因表达,沉默多种靶基因。miRNAs在癌细胞中异常表达,在调节基因表达中起重要作用,从而调节下游信号通路并影响癌症的形成和进展。在癌症中,由miRNA调控的癌基因或肿瘤抑制基因介导细胞周期进展、代谢、细胞死亡、血管生成、转移和免疫抑制。最近,miRNA已成为癌症诊断和治疗监测的治疗靶标或工具和生物标志物。由于miRNAs可以同时调控多个肿瘤相关基因,因此利用miRNAs作为治疗手段在肿瘤治疗中发挥着重要作用。然而,基于miRNA的癌症治疗的主要挑战之一是实现治疗性miRNA在体内的特异性、有效和安全的全身递送。本文综述了基于miRNA的治疗载体开发的关键挑战,并探讨了目前系统性递送miRNA治疗癌症而不诱导毒性的策略。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs, can regulate post-transcriptional gene expressions and silence a broad set of target genes. miRNAs, aberrantly expressed in cancer cells, play an important role in modulating gene expressions, thereby regulating downstream signaling pathways and affecting cancer formation and progression. Oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes regulated by miRNAs mediate cell cycle progression, metabolism, cell death, angiogenesis, metastasis and immunosuppression in cancer. Recently, miRNAs have emerged as therapeutic targets or tools and biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy monitoring in cancer. Since miRNAs can regulate multiple cancer-related genes simultaneously, using miRNAs as a therapeutic approach plays an important role in cancer therapy. However, one of the major challenges of miRNA-based cancer therapy is to achieve specific, efficient and safe systemic delivery of therapeutic miRNAs In vivo. This review discusses the key challenges to the development of the carriers for miRNA-based therapy and explores current strategies to systemically deliver miRNAs to cancer without induction of toxicity.
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