Development of Dog Vaccination Strategies to Maintain Herd Immunity against Rabies.
Development of Dog Vaccination Strategies to Maintain Herd Immunity against Rabies.
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DOI：
10.3390/v14040830
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发表时间：
2022-04-16
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--
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人类狂犬病可以通过大规模的犬只疫苗接种运动来预防;然而，在狂犬病流行的国家，脉冲式中心点接种运动并不总是能够达到推荐的70%的覆盖率。本研究描述了一种新方法的发展，以维持高覆盖率的基础上分散和连续的疫苗接种交付。在坦桑尼亚马拉地区的12个病房进行了狂犬病疫苗接种运动，以测试这种方法。家庭调查被用来获得有关疫苗接种覆盖率以及影响狗疫苗接种的因素的数据。共有17，571只犬接种疫苗，2654只使用常规中心点接种，14，917只犬使用三种分散连续接种策略之一接种。在第一次疫苗接种运动后一个月，接受分散疫苗接种的地区的覆盖率（64.1，95%置信区间（CI）62.1-66%）高于接受脉冲疫苗接种的地区（35.9%，95% CI 32.6-39.5%）。10个月后的随访调查显示，接受分散疫苗接种的地区的疫苗接种覆盖率平均保持在60%以上（60.7%，95%CI 58.5-62.8%），远高于接受脉冲疫苗接种的村庄，后者的平均覆盖率为32.1%（95%CI 28.8-35.6%）。我们的结论是，分散的持续犬疫苗接种策略有可能提高疫苗接种覆盖率，并保持对狂犬病的群体免疫力。
Human rabies can be prevented through mass dog vaccination campaigns; however, in rabies endemic countries, pulsed central point campaigns do not always achieve the recommended coverage of 70%. This study describes the development of a novel approach to sustain high coverage based on decentralized and continuous vaccination delivery. A rabies vaccination campaign was conducted across 12 wards in the Mara region, Tanzania to test this approach. Household surveys were used to obtain data on vaccination coverage as well as factors influencing dog vaccination. A total 17,571 dogs were vaccinated, 2654 using routine central point delivery and 14,917 dogs using one of three strategies of decentralized continuous vaccination. One month after the first vaccination campaign, coverage in areas receiving decentralized vaccinations was higher (64.1, 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) 62.1–66%) than in areas receiving pulsed vaccinations (35.9%, 95% CIs 32.6–39.5%). Follow-up surveys 10 months later showed that vaccination coverage in areas receiving decentralized vaccinations remained on average over 60% (60.7%, 95% CIs 58.5–62.8%) and much higher than in villages receiving pulsed vaccinations where coverage was on average 32.1% (95% CIs 28.8–35.6%). We conclude that decentralized continuous dog vaccination strategies have the potential to improve vaccination coverage and maintain herd immunity against rabies.
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