Successful strategies implemented towards the elimination of canine rabies in the Western Hemisphere.
Successful strategies implemented towards the elimination of canine rabies in the Western Hemisphere.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.03.023
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发表时间：
2017-07
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Emerson G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Velasco-Villa A;Escobar LE;Sanchez A;Shi M;Streicker DG;Gallardo-Romero NF;Vargas-Pino F;Gutierrez-Cedillo V;Damon I;Emerson G
几乎所有的人类狂犬病病例都是由狗咬伤引起的，这使得消除犬狂犬病成为全球优先事项。近几十年来，西半球许多国家开展了大规模的狗疫苗接种运动，控制了其自由放养的狗的数量，并实施了负责任的宠物饲养立法。本文综述了消除西半球犬狂犬病的进展。在简要总结了控制工作的历史并描述了上面列出的方法之后，我们注意到，一些国家的计划受到社会态度和严重的经济差距的阻碍，这强调了讨论在整个地区完全消除犬狂犬病所需的措施的必要性。我们还注意到，只要狗养的狂犬病“热点”仍然存在，自由漫游的狗群数量仍然很大，群体免疫力变得很低，狗源狂犬病溶血病毒（RABLV）变体继续在rabies-naïve狗群附近传播。只有永久消除狗维持的狂犬病和狗衍生的RABLV谱系和变体，才能消除狗维持的狂犬病。这可以通过以下方式实现：始终将犬群免疫力保持在70%以上；通过可靠的狂犬病诊断和犬类、家畜和野生动物的RABLV基因分型，促进持续的实验室监测；以及继续就狂犬病传播风险、预防和负责任的宠物饲养对民众进行教育。彻底消除犬狂犬病需要永久性资金，各国政府和人民致力于实现这一目标。随附的一篇文章回顾了西半球犬狂犬病的历史和流行病学，从它在欧洲殖民时期的引入开始，并讨论了病毒在狗和各种野生食肉动物之间的溢出将如何影响未来的根除工作。
Almost all cases of human rabies result from dog bites, making the elimination of canine rabies a global priority. During recent decades, many countries in the Western Hemisphere have carried out large-scale dog vaccination campaigns, controlled their free-ranging dog populations and enforced legislation for responsible pet ownership. This article reviews progress in eliminating canine rabies from the Western Hemisphere. After briefly summarizing the history of control efforts and describing the approaches listed above, we note that programs in some countries have been hindered by societal attitudes and severe economic disparities, which underlines the need to discuss measures that will be required to complete the elimination of canine rabies throughout the region. We also note that there is a constant threat for dog-maintained epizootics to re-occur, so as long as dog-maintained rabies “hot spots” are still present, free-roaming dog populations remain large, herd immunity becomes low and dog-derived rabies lyssavirus (RABLV) variants continue to circulate in close proximity to rabies-naïve dog populations. The elimination of dog-maintained rabies will be only feasible if both dog-maintained and dog-derived RABLV lineages and variants are permanently eliminated. This may be possible by keeping dog herd immunity above 70% at all times, fostering sustained laboratory-based surveillance through reliable rabies diagnosis and RABLV genetic typing in dogs, domestic animals and wildlife, as well as continuing to educate the population on the risk of rabies transmission, prevention and responsible pet ownership. Complete elimination of canine rabies requires permanent funding, with governments and people committed to make it a reality. An accompanying article reviews the history and epidemiology of canine rabies in the Western Hemisphere, beginning with its introduction during the period of European colonization, and discusses how spillovers of viruses between dogs and various wild carnivores will affect future eradication efforts.
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影响因子：
5
作者：
Nadin-Davis, Susan A.;Velez, Jafet;Wandeler, Alexander I.
通讯作者：
Wandeler, Alexander I.
DOI：
10.2460/javma.2005.227.785
发表时间：
2005-09-01
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Sidwa, TJ;Wilson, PJ;Johnston, DH
通讯作者：
Johnston, DH
DOI：
10.2460/javma.248.7.777
发表时间：
2016-04-01
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Monroe, Benjamin P.;Yager, Pamela;Wallace, Ryan
通讯作者：
Wallace, Ryan
DOI：
10.1590/s0034-89102005000600004
发表时间：
2005-12-01
期刊：
Revista de Saúde Pública
影响因子：
--
作者：
Alves, Maria Cecilia Goi Porto;Matos, Marina Ruiz de;Dominguez, Margareth Harrison
通讯作者：
Dominguez, Margareth Harrison
影响因子：
5
作者：
Belotto, A;Leanes, LF;Correa, E
通讯作者：
Correa, E