A political ecology of water and small-town urbanisation across the lower Himalayas
A political ecology of water and small-town urbanisation across the lower Himalayas
复制标题
喜马拉雅山下游的水和小镇城市化的政治生态
DOI：
10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.10.008
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Kovács E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kovács E
本文追溯了捐助者和国家主导的饮用水供应计划向印度和尼泊尔喜马拉雅山脉下游的小型城市化定居点引入的逻辑、目标、改变的社会生态关系和水规范。虽然城市发展和水规划倾向于将需求和干预措施与城市界限和城市居民区分开来，但我们采用水社会视角来追踪基础设施和水在景观中的影响和后果。对供水的投资为城市发展带来了新的规模、空间和愿景，积极地将农村的需求和利益边缘化，并为基础设施维护带来了新的依赖，从而扩展了城镇的制度和治理能力，如能源、金融和专业知识。我们发现，供水工程在更强大的城市和下游社区与农村，上游源区之间产生了新的权力差异和发展轨迹。项目带来了新的潜力，但也破坏了围绕水的旧关系和习俗，随着水的供应和获取机会的变化，导致城镇内外出现冲突。将水社会和城市代谢的重点应用于喜马拉雅水景，可以看到与城市发展中心的资源供应相关的环境和社会权衡。
This paper traces the logic, goals and changed socio-ecological relations and water norms introduced by donor- and state- led drinking water supply schemes to small urbanising settlements across the lower Himalayas of India and Nepal. While urban development and water planning tend to boundarise needs and interventions to city limits and city- dwellers, we adopt a hydro-social lens to trace the impacts and consequences of infrastructure and water as both travel through the landscape. Investments into water supply introduce new scales, spatialities and visions for urban development that actively peripheralise rural needs and interests, and introduce new dependencies for infrastructural maintenance that stretch the institutional and governance capacity of towns, such as around energy, finance, and expertise. We find that water supply projects give rise to new power differentials and development trajectories between more- powerful, typically urban and down-stream communities, and rural, up- stream source regions. Projects bring new potentials but also disrupt old relations and customs around water, resulting in the emergence of conflicts within and beyond towns as water availability and access opportunities change. Application of a hydro-social and urban metabolism focus to Himalayan waterscapes makes visible the environmental and societal trade-offs associated with resource provisioning to urban development centres.
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DOI：
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