Mechanisms underlying pre- and postnatal development of the vomeronasal organ.

Mechanisms underlying pre- and postnatal development of the vomeronasal organ.
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犁鼻器出生前后发育的机制。

DOI:
10.1007/s00018-021-03829-3
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发表时间:
2021-06
期刊:
Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Forni PE
Forni PE
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Katreddi RR;Forni PE

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犁鼻器(VNO)是位于啮齿动物鼻腔腹侧区的感觉器官。嗅窝二次内陷时,由嗅基体发育而成。胚胎期的表鼻结构是一个神经源性区域,在这里迁移的神经元群如内分泌促性腺激素释放激素-1 (GnRH-1)神经元形成。尽管大多数脊椎动物的胚胎犁鼻结构都是保守的,但包括人类在内的许多物种在出生后都没有功能性的犁鼻结构。啮齿动物的犁鼻上皮(VNE)由两大类型的犁鼻感觉神经元(vsn)组成:(1)分布在VNE顶端区域的vsn表达犁鼻1型受体(V1Rs)和G蛋白亚基Gαi2;(2)分布在VNE基部区域的vsn表达犁鼻2型受体(V2Rs)和G亚基Gαo。最近的研究发现了表达甲酰基肽受体家族的Gαi2和Gαo VSNs的第三个亚类。表达V1Rs或V2Rs的vsn将其轴突发送到副嗅球(AOB)的不同区域。VNO和AOB共同构成了辅助嗅觉系统(AOS),这是一个协调许多脊椎动物社会和性行为的嗅觉子系统。在这篇综述中,我们总结了目前对VNO发展的细胞和分子机制的理解。我们还讨论了有待研究的开放性问题,我们认为这将进一步提高我们对胚胎和出生后阶段VNO形态发生的理解。
The vomeronasal organ (VNO) is sensory organ located in the ventral region of the nasal cavity in rodents. The VNO develops from the olfactory placode during the secondary invagination of olfactory pit. The embryonic vomeronasal structure appears as a neurogenic area where migratory neuronal populations like endocrine gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-1) neurons form. Even though embryonic vomeronasal structures are conserved across most vertebrate species, many species including humans do not have a functional VNO after birth. The vomeronasal epithelium (VNE) of rodents is composed of two major types of vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs): (1) VSNs distributed in the apical VNE regions that express vomeronasal type-1 receptors (V1Rs) and the G protein subunit Gαi2, and (2) VSNs in the basal territories of the VNE that express vomeronasal type-2 receptors (V2Rs) and the G subunit Gαo. Recent studies identified a third subclass of Gαi2 and Gαo VSNs that express the formyl peptide receptor family. VSNs expressing V1Rs or V2Rs send their axons to distinct regions of the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). Together, VNO and AOB form the accessory olfactory system (AOS), an olfactory subsystem that coordinates the social and sexual behaviors of many vertebrate species. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie VNO development. We also discuss open questions for study, which we suggest will further enhance our understanding of VNO morphogenesis at embryonic and postnatal stages.
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