Parental Education, Household Income, and Cortical Surface Area among 9-10 Years Old Children: Minorities' Diminished Returns.
Parental Education, Household Income, and Cortical Surface Area among 9-10 Years Old Children: Minorities' Diminished Returns.
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父母教育，家庭收入和9-10岁儿童的皮质表面积：少数民族的回报减少。
DOI：
10.3390/brainsci10120956
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发表时间：
2020-12-09
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Assari S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Assari S
简介：虽然父母教育和家庭收入对儿童大脑发育的影响已经得到了很好的证实，但对这些影响在不同种族和民族群体中可能存在的差异知之甚少。根据少数群体的收益减少现象，由于结构性种族主义、社会分层和居住隔离，父母教育程度和家庭收入对非白色儿童的影响要弱于白色儿童。目的：建立在MDR框架和概念化的种族作为一个社会，而不是一个生物学因素，本研究探讨了种族和民族的变化的影响，父母的教育和家庭收入对儿童的全脑皮层表面积的大小。研究方法：在这项横断面研究中，我们使用了青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）研究的基线社会经济和结构磁共振成像（sMRI）数据。我们的分析样本是10，262名9至10岁的美国儿童。自变量为父母文化程度和家庭收入。主要结果是儿童的全脑皮质表面积。年龄、性别和家庭婚姻状况为协变量。种族和民族是调节因素。我们使用混合效应回归模型进行数据分析，因为参与者被嵌套在家庭和研究中心内。结果：父母教育程度高和家庭收入高与儿童全脑皮质面积大有关。高父母教育和高家庭收入对儿童全脑皮层表面积的影响受到种族的影响。与白色儿童相比，黑人儿童的全脑皮层表面积的高父母教育回报减少时，与白色儿童。与白色儿童相比，亚裔儿童的家庭收入对全脑皮层表面积的影响较弱。我们不能找到父母的教育和家庭收入与全脑皮层表面积之间的差异关联，相比，白色儿童，非西班牙裔和西班牙裔儿童。结论：非白色家庭的父母受教育程度和家庭收入对儿童全脑皮层表面积的影响要弱于白色家庭。虽然父母的教育和收入有助于儿童的大脑发育，但这些影响在种族群体中是不平等的。
Introduction: Although the effects of parental education and household income on children’s brain development are well established, less is known about possible variation in these effects across diverse racial and ethnic groups. According to the Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs) phenomenon, due to structural racism, social stratification, and residential segregation, parental educational attainment and household income show weaker effects for non-White than White children. Purpose: Built on the MDRs framework and conceptualizing race as a social rather than a biological factor, this study explored racial and ethnic variation in the magnitude of the effects of parental education and household income on children’s whole-brain cortical surface area. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we used baseline socioeconomic and structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Our analytical sample was 10,262 American children between ages 9 and 10. The independent variables were parental education and household income. The primary outcome was the children’s whole-brain cortical surface area. Age, sex, and family marital status were covariates. Race and ethnicity were the moderators. We used mixed-effects regression models for data analysis as participants were nested within families and study sites. Results: High parental education and household income were associated with larger children’s whole-brain cortical surface area. The effects of high parental education and high household income on children’s whole-brain cortical surface area were modified by race. Compared to White children, Black children showed a diminished return of high parental education on the whole-brain cortical surface area when compared to White children. Asian American children showed weaker effects of household income on the whole-brain cortical surface area when compared to White children. We could not find differential associations between parental education and household income with the whole-brain cortical surface area, when compared to White children, for non-Hispanic and Hispanic children. Conclusions: The effects of parental educational attainment and household income on children’s whole-brain cortical surface area are weaker in non-White than White families. Although parental education and income contribute to children’s brain development, these effects are unequal across racial groups.
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Assari, Shervin;Gibbons, Frederick X.;Simons, Ronald
通讯作者：
Simons, Ronald
DOI：
10.3390/ejihpe10020048
发表时间：
2020-06-01
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Assari, Shervin;Boyce, Shanika;Caldwell, Cleopatra H.
通讯作者：
Caldwell, Cleopatra H.
DOI：
10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.06
发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
--
作者：
Assari, Shervin
通讯作者：
Assari, Shervin
影响因子：
13.8
作者：
Assari, Shervin
通讯作者：
Assari, Shervin
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Assari, Shervin;Boyce, Shanika;Zimmerman, Marc A.
通讯作者：
Zimmerman, Marc A.