Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in residential dust: sources of variability.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in residential dust: sources of variability.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.1205821
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发表时间：
2013-05
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Rappaport SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Whitehead TP;Metayer C;Petreas M;Does M;Buffler PA;Rappaport SM
背景：有兴趣使用住宅灰尘来估计人类暴露于环境污染物。目的：我们的目的是表征住宅灰尘中多环芳烃（PAHs）的变异性来源，并为计划使用住宅灰尘评估多环芳烃暴露的调查人员提供指导。研究方法：我们收集了重复的灰尘样本从293个家庭在北方加州儿童白血病研究在两个采样周期（从2001年到2007年和2010年期间）使用家用吸尘器，并测量了12多环芳烃使用气相色谱-质谱法。我们使用了一个随机和混合效应模型为每个PAH分配观察到的方差分为四个组成部分，并确定变异的来源。结果：个别多环芳烃的中位浓度范围从10到190纳克/克的灰尘。对于每种PAH，总方差分为区域变异性（1-9%）、区域内家庭间变异性（24-48%）、随时间推移的家庭内变异性（41-57%）和样本内分析变异性（2-33%）。PAH粉尘水平的区域差异与估计的环境空气中PAH浓度有关。家庭之间的区域内差异与住宅建设日期和居民的吸烟习惯有关。对于一些多环芳烃，减少的时间趋势解释了家庭内的变异性的一个温和的部分，但是，大部分的家庭内的变异性是不占我们的混合效应模型。当灰尘样本收集之间的间隔至少为6年时，采样周期之间的家庭内差异最大。结论：我们的研究结果表明，它可能是可行的，使用住宅灰尘的回顾性评估多环芳烃暴露的健康影响的研究。
Background: There is interest in using residential dust to estimate human exposure to environmental contaminants. Objectives: We aimed to characterize the sources of variability for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in residential dust and provide guidance for investigators who plan to use residential dust to assess exposure to PAHs. Methods: We collected repeat dust samples from 293 households in the Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study during two sampling rounds (from 2001 through 2007 and during 2010) using household vacuum cleaners, and measured 12 PAHs using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. We used a random- and a mixed-effects model for each PAH to apportion observed variance into four components and to identify sources of variability. Results: Median concentrations for individual PAHs ranged from 10 to 190 ng/g of dust. For each PAH, total variance was apportioned into regional variability (1–9%), intraregional between-household variability (24–48%), within-household variability over time (41–57%), and within-sample analytical variability (2–33%). Regional differences in PAH dust levels were associated with estimated ambient air concentrations of PAH. Intraregional differences between households were associated with the residential construction date and the smoking habits of residents. For some PAHs, a decreasing time trend explained a modest fraction of the within-household variability; however, most of the within-household variability was unaccounted for by our mixed-effects models. Within-household differences between sampling rounds were largest when the interval between dust sample collections was at least 6 years in duration. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that it may be feasible to use residential dust for retrospective assessment of PAH exposures in studies of health effects.
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影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Van Loy, MD;Riley, WJ;Nazaroff, WW
通讯作者：
Nazaroff, WW
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Hoh, Eunha;Hunt, Richard N.;Matt, Georg E.
通讯作者：
Matt, Georg E.
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
通讯作者：
--
DOI：
10.1038/sj.jea.7500003
发表时间：
1999-03-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Chuang, JC;Callahan, PJ;Wilson, NK
通讯作者：
Wilson, NK
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Mukerjee, S;Ellenson, WD;Willis, RD
通讯作者：
Willis, RD