What Is the Function of Confirmation Bias?

What Is the Function of Confirmation Bias?
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确认偏差的作用是什么?

DOI:
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Erkenntnis: An International Journal of Scientific Philosophy
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
U. Peters
U. Peters
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文献类型:
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作者:
U. Peters

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确认偏差是最广泛讨论的认识论问题之一,对可靠的信念形成和错误观点的纠正提出了挑战。考虑到它的问题性质,我们仍然不清楚这种偏见为什么会演变,并一直伴随到今天。为了提供解释,几位哲学家和科学家认为,这种偏见实际上是适应性的。在开发一个新的替代方案之前,我批判性地讨论了最近提出的三个这类方案,我称之为“符合现实的帐户”。根据这一说法,确认偏见之所以演变,是因为它帮助我们影响人们和社会结构,使他们与我们对他们的信念相匹配。这可以为我们和其他人带来显著的发展和认识论上的好处,确保随着时间的推移,我们不会在认识论上与社会现实脱节,而是可以更容易地驾驭它。虽然这可能不是确认性偏差的唯一进化功能,但它是迄今为止在对偏差进行理论分析时被忽视的一个重要功能。
Confirmation bias is one of the most widely discussed epistemically problematic cognitions, challenging reliable belief formation and the correction of inaccurate views. Given its problematic nature, it remains unclear why the bias evolved and is still with us today. To offer an explanation, several philosophers and scientists have argued that the bias is in fact adaptive. I critically discuss three recent proposals of this kind before developing a novel alternative, what I call the ‘reality-matching account’. According to the account, confirmation bias evolved because it helps us influence people and social structures so that they come to match our beliefs about them. This can result in significant developmental and epistemic benefits for us and other people, ensuring that over time we don’t become epistemically disconnected from social reality but can navigate it more easily. While that might not be the only evolved function of confirmation bias, it is an important one that has so far been neglected in the theorizing on the bias.
寻找强大的自我实现的预言。
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