How unrealistic optimism is maintained in the face of reality.

How unrealistic optimism is maintained in the face of reality.
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DOI:
10.1038/nn.2949
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发表时间:
2011-10-09
影响因子:
25
通讯作者:
Dolan RJ
Dolan RJ
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sharot T;Korn CW;Dolan RJ

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不切实际的乐观主义是一种普遍存在的人类特质,影响着从人际关系到政治和金融的各个领域。人们如何保持不切实际的乐观,尽管经常遇到挑战这些偏见的信息,是未知的。在这里,我们提供一个解释。具体来说,我们发现了一个惊人的不对称性,即人们更新他们的信念,以回应比预期更好的信息,而不是更差的信息。这种选择性是由相对失败的错误编码所介导的,这些错误应该会降低乐观情绪。无论是高度乐观的人还是低乐观的人,当需要积极更新时,前额叶皮层的不同区域都会跟踪估计错误。然而,高度乐观的人表现出减少跟踪的估计错误,要求在右额下回的负更新。这些发现表明,乐观与选择性更新失败有关,并且减少了关于未来的不良信息的神经编码。
Unrealistic optimism is a pervasive human trait influencing domains ranging from personal relationships to politics and finance. How people maintain unrealistic optimism, despite frequently encountering information that challenges those biased beliefs, is unknown. Here, we provide an explanation. Specifically, we show a striking asymmetry, whereby people updated their beliefs more in response to information that was better than expected compared to information that was worse. This selectivity was mediated by a relative failure to code for errors that should reduce optimism. Distinct regions of the prefrontal cortex tracked estimation errors when those called for positive update, both in highly optimistic and low optimistic individuals. However, highly optimistic individuals exhibited reduced tracking of estimation errors that called for negative update within right inferior prefrontal gyrus. These findings show that optimism is tied to a selective update failure, and diminished neural coding, of undesirable information regarding the future.
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发表时间: 2009-09-02
期刊: The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
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