Large-scale mitochondrial DNA analysis of the domestic goat reveals six haplogroups with high diversity.
Large-scale mitochondrial DNA analysis of the domestic goat reveals six haplogroups with high diversity.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0001012
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发表时间：
2007-10-10
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Econogene Consortium
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Naderi S;Rezaei HR;Taberlet P;Zundel S;Rafat SA;Naghash HR;el-Barody MA;Ertugrul O;Pompanon F;Econogene Consortium
从驯化开始，家畜的运输导致了遗传和人口统计过程，解释了它们目前的分布和遗传结构。因此，研究目前的遗传多样性有助于更好地了解家养物种的历史。家养山羊的遗传多样性已经被表征为来自旧世界各地的2430个个体，其中包括946个来自迄今为止研究较少的地区（主要是新月沃土）的新个体。这些个体代表了线粒体DNA（mtDNA）控制区HVI片段的1540个单倍型。这项大规模的研究允许建立一个明确的山羊母系单倍群命名法。只有五个先前定义的六组单倍型是足够的分歧，被认为是不同的单倍群。此外，一个新的线粒体组已被定位在肥沃的新月周围。所有组均表现出非常高的单倍型多样性。这种多样性大多分布在群体之间和地理区域内。弱的地理结构可能是由于占优势的A单倍型群（超过90%的个体）在世界范围内的分布。其他单倍群的大规模分布（除了一个），可能与人类迁徙有关。最近的碎片当地山羊种群离散品种是不可检测的线粒体标记。根据不匹配分析对人口参数的估计表明，所有群体最近的人口增长大致与驯化发生的时期相对应。但是，即使有一个大的数据集，它仍然很难给不同的单倍型群的相对扩展日期，因为大的置信区间。我们提出了基于错配分析的结果和参考序列的使用定义不同单倍群的标准。该方法也可用于其他家养物种线粒体单倍群命名的研究。
From the beginning of domestication, the transportation of domestic animals resulted in genetic and demographic processes that explain their present distribution and genetic structure. Thus studying the present genetic diversity helps to better understand the history of domestic species. The genetic diversity of domestic goats has been characterized with 2430 individuals from all over the old world, including 946 new individuals from regions poorly studied until now (mainly the Fertile Crescent). These individuals represented 1540 haplotypes for the HVI segment of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. This large-scale study allowed the establishment of a clear nomenclature of the goat maternal haplogroups. Only five of the six previously defined groups of haplotypes were divergent enough to be considered as different haplogroups. Moreover a new mitochondrial group has been localized around the Fertile Crescent. All groups showed very high haplotype diversity. Most of this diversity was distributed among groups and within geographic regions. The weak geographic structure may result from the worldwide distribution of the dominant A haplogroup (more than 90% of the individuals). The large-scale distribution of other haplogroups (except one), may be related to human migration. The recent fragmentation of local goat populations into discrete breeds is not detectable with mitochondrial markers. The estimation of demographic parameters from mismatch analyses showed that all groups had a recent demographic expansion corresponding roughly to the period when domestication took place. But even with a large data set it remains difficult to give relative dates of expansion for different haplogroups because of large confidence intervals. We propose standard criteria for the definition of the different haplogroups based on the result of mismatch analysis and on the use of sequences of reference. Such a method could be also applied for clarifying the nomenclature of mitochondrial haplogroups in other domestic species.
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