A comparative study of systemic carcinogen exposure in waterpipe smokers, cigarette smokers and non-smokers.
A comparative study of systemic carcinogen exposure in waterpipe smokers, cigarette smokers and non-smokers.
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DOI：
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051206
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发表时间：
2015-03
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Maziak W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Al Ali R;Rastam S;Ibrahim I;Bazzi A;Fayad S;Shihadeh AL;Zaatari GS;Maziak W
在过去的十年里，水烟——也被称为水烟、水烟、narghileh——在年轻人中越来越多。由于缺乏将水烟吸烟与吸烟相关疾病联系起来的严谨研究，阻碍了应对水烟流行的政策和监管努力。这项研究比较了独立的水烟吸烟者、吸烟者和不吸烟者之间的系统性致癌物暴露情况。这项研究于2010年至2011年在叙利亚阿勒颇的叙利亚烟草研究中心进行。第一天早上从三组受试者中收集尿液样本；每天只吸水烟者（n=24）、每天只吸香烟者（n=23）和不吸烟者（n=28）。采用液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）对这些样品进行致癌烟草特异性亚硝胺4-（甲基亚硝胺）-1-（3-吡啶基）-1-丁醇（NNAL）分析。我们的研究结果表明，水烟吸烟者接触到的NNAL是不吸烟者的5-10倍。平均（95% CI）自由NNAL和总NNAL为0.7（0.3 ~ 1）。4)和3.9(1.6至9.5)pg/mL尿对于不吸烟者，8.4（4.8至14.8）和33.0(21.6至50.6)pg/mL尿对于水烟吸烟者，10.7（5.0至22.6）和46.8(27.6至79.3)pg/mL尿对于吸烟者（所有比较p<0.001）。每天吸烟的人比每天吸烟的人更少接触NNAL，尽管在所有测量中差异没有达到统计学意义。这些结果提供了迄今为止最明确的迹象，表明系统暴露于与长期吸烟有关的有害致癌物。这些证据可以支持旨在应对正在出现的全球水管流行病的政策和监管努力，并推动旨在提高公众对与水管吸烟有关的癌症风险的认识的干预措施。
In the past decade, waterpipe smoking—also known as hookah, shisha, narghileh—has increased among youth. The scarcity of rigorous studies linking waterpipe smoking to smoking-related diseases has hindered policy and regulatory efforts to confront the waterpipe epidemic. This study compares systemic carcinogen exposure between independent groups of exclusive waterpipe smokers, cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. This study was conducted at the Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies (SCTS) in Aleppo, Syria, between 2010 and 2011. First morning urinary samples were collected from three groups of subjects; exclusive daily waterpipe smokers (n=24), exclusive daily cigarette smokers (n=23), and non-smokers (n=28). These samples were analysed for carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) using liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Our results show that waterpipe smokers are exposed to about 5–10 times greater NNAL than nonsmokers. Mean (95% CI) free and total NNAL was 0.7 (0.3 to 1. 4) and 3.9 (1.6 to 9.5) pg/mL urine for nonsmokers, 8.4 (4.8 to 14.8) and 33.0 (21.6 to 50.6) pg/mL urine for waterpipe smokers, and 10.7 (5.0 to 22.6) and 46.8 (27.6 to 79.3) pg/mL urine for cigarette smokers (p<0.001 for all comparisons). Daily waterpipe smokers were less exposed to NNAL than daily cigarette smokers, although the difference did not reach statistical significance for all measurements. These results provide the clearest indication to date about systemic exposure to harmful carcinogens associated with long-term waterpipe smoking. Such evidence can support policy and regulatory efforts designed to confront the emerging global waterpipe epidemic, as well as drive interventions aimed at increasing the public awareness about the cancer risk associated with waterpipe smoking.
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DOI：
10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0874
发表时间：
2009-12
期刊：
Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Goniewicz ML;Havel CM;Peng MW;Jacob P 3rd;Dempsey D;Yu L;Zielinska-Danch W;Koszowski B;Czogala J;Sobczak A;Benowitz NL
通讯作者：
Benowitz NL
DOI：
10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-1422
发表时间：
2013-05
期刊：
Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Jacob P 3rd;Abu Raddaha AH;Dempsey D;Havel C;Peng M;Yu L;Benowitz NL
通讯作者：
Benowitz NL
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Xia, Y;McGuffey, JE;Bernert, JT
通讯作者：
Bernert, JT
DOI：
10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0545
发表时间：
2011-11
期刊：
Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Jacob P 3rd;Abu Raddaha AH;Dempsey D;Havel C;Peng M;Yu L;Benowitz NL
通讯作者：
Benowitz NL
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Eissenberg, Thomas;Ward, Kenneth D.;Maziak, Wasim
通讯作者：
Maziak, Wasim