Measurement of regional variation of GABA in the human brain by optimized point-resolved spectroscopy at 7 T in vivo.
Measurement of regional variation of GABA in the human brain by optimized point-resolved spectroscopy at 7 T in vivo.
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DOI：
10.1002/nbm.3170
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发表时间：
2014-10
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Choi, Changho
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ganji, Sandeep K.;An, Zhongxu;Banerjee, Abhishek;Madan, Akshay;Hulsey, Keith M.;Choi, Changho
在7 T下，人脑中GABA的1H共振与邻近的其他代谢物的丰富共振广泛重叠，并且在短TE MRS中保持不可分辨。在这里，我们报告的GABA共振在2.28 ppm的点分辨光谱（PRESS）计划的回波时间优化可以完全解决。在数值模拟和体模验证后，PRESS的子回波时间优化为（TE 1，TE 2）=（31，61）ms，用于检测GABA，谷氨酸（Glu），谷氨酰胺（Gln）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）。该方法的体内可行性在9名健康受试者的几个脑区进行了测试。从内侧前额叶、左额叶、内侧枕叶和左枕叶脑采集光谱，并使用LCModel进行分析。在T1加权图像的灰色和白色物质（GM和WM）分割后，对GM含量分数进行代谢物估计值的线性回归。GABA的浓度估计是约7倍，在GM比WM。GABA在额叶的含量总体上高于枕叶。在额叶和枕叶脑中，GM中的Glu比WM中的高约2倍。Gln在额叶GM与WM间差异有统计学意义，而在枕叶GM与WM间差异无统计学意义。GSH没有表现出显着的依赖组织含量。来自N-乙酰基谷氨酸的信号被清楚地分辨，得到在WM中比在GM中高> 10倍的浓度。我们的数据表明，PRESS TE = 92 ms的方法提供了一种有效的手段，用于测量GABA和几个具有挑战性的J-耦合自旋代谢物在人脑在7 T。
The 1H resonances of GABA in the human brain in vivo are extensively overlapped with the neighboring abundant resonances of other metabolites and remain indiscernible in short TE MRS at 7T. Here we report the GABA resonance at 2.28 ppm can be fully resolved by means of echo time optimization of a point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) scheme. Following numerical simulations and phantom validation, the subecho times of PRESS was optimized at (TE1, TE2) = (31, 61) ms for detection of GABA, glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln) and glutathione (GSH). The in-vivo feasibility of the method was tested in several brain regions in 9 healthy subjects. Spectra were acquired from the medial prefrontal, left frontal, medial occipital and left occipital brain and analyzed with LCModel. Following the gray and white matter (GM and WM) segmentation of T1-weighted images, linear regression of metabolite estimates was performed against the fractional GM contents. The GABA concentration was estimated to be about 7 fold higher in GM than in WM. GABA was overall higher in frontal than in occipital brain. Glu was ~2 fold higher in GM than in WM in both frontal and occipital brain. Gln was significantly different between frontal GM and WM while being similar between occipital GM and WM. GSH did not show significant dependence on tissue content. The signals from N-acetylaspartylglutamate were clearly resolved, giving the concentration higher by > 10 fold in WM than in GM. Our data indicate that the PRESS TE = 92 ms method provides an effective means for measuring GABA and several challenging J-coupled spin metabolites in human brain at 7T.
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