No evidence for widespread island extinctions after Pleistocene hominin arrival.
No evidence for widespread island extinctions after Pleistocene hominin arrival.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2023005118
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发表时间：
2021-05-18
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
O'Connor S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Louys J;Braje TJ;Chang CH;Cosgrove R;Fitzpatrick SM;Fujita M;Hawkins S;Ingicco T;Kawamura A;MacPhee RDE;McDowell MC;Meijer HJM;Piper PJ;Roberts P;Simmons AH;van den Bergh G;van der Geer A;Kealy S;O'Connor S
我们提供全球评估更新世人类到达和岛屿灭绝之间的可能联系。世界各地岛屿的现有记录不支持在全新世之前岛屿殖民化对岛屿生物多样性产生重大和有害的影响。这表明，模型使用岛屿的保护作为证据，以支持人为的巨型动物过度狩猎，或作为大陆一级的保护的延伸，需要重新考虑。现代人类进入以前无人居住的岛屿生态系统与大规模灭绝密切相关，而更新世巨型动物灭绝的一个关键原因是人为的过度狩猎。基于晚全新世记录的一个常见假设是，人类总是对岛屿生物产生负面影响，这需要将最近的人类行为和技术外推到考古学过去。古人类至少在更新世早期就已经在岛上生活，智人至少生活了5万年。在如此漫长的时间间隔内，发生重大的进化、行为和文化变化也就不足为奇了。然而，人类到达和岛屿迁移之间的深层时间联系从未在全球范围内被探索过。在这里，我们研究了所有更新世岛屿的考古学和古生物学记录，并记录了人类的存在，以研究人类是否一直是破坏性的代理人。我们表明，在全球范围内的灭绝不能与更新世人类的到来根据目前的数据，很难从环境变化的记录解开。直到全新世，技术、扩散、人口和人类行为的大规模变化才明显影响到岛屿生态系统。因此，我们目前正在经历的灭绝加速不是固有的，而是最近文化复合体的一部分。
We provide global assessment of the possible link between Pleistocene hominin arrival and island extinction. The existing records on islands around the world do not support a significant and detrimental impact on island biotas following island colonization prior to the Holocene. This suggests that models using island extinctions as evidence in support of anthropogenic megafaunal overhunting, or as extensions of continental-level extinctions, need to be reconsidered. The arrival of modern humans into previously unoccupied island ecosystems is closely linked to widespread extinction, and a key reason cited for Pleistocene megafauna extinction is anthropogenic overhunting. A common assumption based on late Holocene records is that humans always negatively impact insular biotas, which requires an extrapolation of recent human behavior and technology into the archaeological past. Hominins have been on islands since at least the early Pleistocene and Homo sapiens for at least 50 thousand y (ka). Over such lengthy intervals it is scarcely surprising that significant evolutionary, behavioral, and cultural changes occurred. However, the deep-time link between human arrival and island extinctions has never been explored globally. Here, we examine archaeological and paleontological records of all Pleistocene islands with a documented hominin presence to examine whether humans have always been destructive agents. We show that extinctions at a global level cannot be associated with Pleistocene hominin arrival based on current data and are difficult to disentangle from records of environmental change. It is not until the Holocene that large-scale changes in technology, dispersal, demography, and human behavior visibly affect island ecosystems. The extinction acceleration we are currently experiencing is thus not inherent but rather part of a more recent cultural complex.
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.1989.0100
发表时间：
1989-11-06
期刊：
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
影响因子：
--
作者：
DIAMOND, JM
通讯作者：
DIAMOND, JM
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Bunce, M;Worthy, TH;Cooper, A
通讯作者：
Cooper, A
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Brumm, Adam;Jensen, Gitte M.;Storey, Michael
通讯作者：
Storey, Michael
英国Hoppisburgh早期更新世矿床的人本足迹。
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Ashton N;Lewis SG;De Groote I;Duffy SM;Bates M;Bates R;Hoare P;Lewis M;Parfitt SA;Peglar S;Williams C;Stringer C
通讯作者：
Stringer C
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Bartlett, Lewis J.;Williams, David R.;Manica, Andrea
通讯作者：
Manica, Andrea