Melanopsin, photosensitive ganglion cells, and seasonal affective disorder.
Melanopsin, photosensitive ganglion cells, and seasonal affective disorder.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.12.009
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发表时间：
2013-03
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Brainard, George C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roecklein, Kathryn A.;Wong, Patricia M.;Miller, Megan A.;Donofry, Shannon D.;Kamarck, Marissa L.;Brainard, George C.
关键词：
ROECKLEIN, K.A.、WONG, P.M.、MILLER, M.A.、DONOFRY, S.D.、KAMARCK, M.L.、BRAINARD, G.C.黑视蛋白、光敏神经节细胞和季节性情感障碍…NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV x(x) XXX-XXX，2012。在最近的两份报告中，黑视蛋白基因变异与季节性情感障碍 (SAD) 以及健康个体睡眠和活动时间的变化有关。新的研究加深了我们对视网膜下丘脑束的理解，该束将视网膜接收到的环境光转化为神经信号，发送到大脑中的一组非视觉核团，这些核团负责视觉以外的功能，包括昼夜节律、神经内分泌和神经行为调节。由于该通路介导生理、行为和情绪的季节性变化，因此该通路的个体差异可以解释为什么大约 1-2% 的北美人口会出现具有季节性模式的情绪障碍（即具有季节性模式的重度抑郁症和双相情感障碍，也称为季节性情感障碍/SAD）。抑郁症的组成部分，包括情绪变化、睡眠模式、食欲和认知表现，可能会受到对光的生物和行为反应的影响。具体来说，视网膜感光色素、黑视蛋白的基因序列的变化可能导致季节性情绪障碍的风险显着增加，并且可能通过导致冬季活动和睡眠时间的变化来实现这一点。据推测，与对照组相比，SAD 的视网膜敏感性会降低，并且冬季光照水平的进一步减弱可能会引发冬季抑郁症。在这里，我们概述了新研究的步骤，以解决黑视蛋白在季节性情感障碍中的可能作用，包括旨在测量含有黑视蛋白的视网膜神经节细胞的敏感性的彩色瞳孔测量。
ROECKLEIN, K.A., WONG, P.M., MILLER, M.A., DONOFRY, S.D., KAMARCK, M.L., BRAINARD, G.C. Melanopsin, Photosensitive Ganglion Cells, and Seasonal Affective Disorder…NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV x(x) XXX-XXX, 2012. In two recent reports, melanopsin gene variations were associated with seasonal affective disorder (SAD), and in changes in the timing of sleep and activity in healthy individuals. New studies have deepened our understanding of the retinohypothalamic tract, which translates environmental light received by the retina into neural signals sent to a set of nonvisual nuclei in the brain that are responsible for functions other than sight including circadian, neuroendocrine and neurobehavioral regulation. Because this pathway mediates seasonal changes in physiology, behavior, and mood, individual variations in the pathway may explain why approximately 1–2% of the North American population develops mood disorders with a seasonal pattern (i.e., Major Depressive and Bipolar Disorders with a seasonal pattern, also known as seasonal affective disorder/SAD). Components of depression including mood changes, sleep patterns, appetite, and cognitive performance can be affected by the biological and behavioral responses to light. Specifically, variations in the gene sequence for the retinal photopigment, melanopsin, may be responsible for significant increased risk for mood disorders with a seasonal pattern, and may do so by leading to changes in activity and sleep timing in winter. The retinal sensitivity of SAD is hypothesized to be decreased compared to controls, and that further decrements in winter light levels may combine to trigger depression in winter. Here we outline steps for new research to address the possible role of melanopsin in seasonal affective disorder including chromatic pupillometry designed to measure the sensitivity of melanopsin containing retinal ganglion cells.
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