How could we make a social robot? A virtual bargaining approach.
How could we make a social robot? A virtual bargaining approach.
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DOI：
10.1098/rsta.2022.0040
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发表时间：
2023-07-24
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Chater, Nick
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chater, Nick
要让一个人工智能体与人进行丰富的、类似人类的互动，需要什么？我认为，这需要捕捉人类不断创造和重新协商“交易”的过程。这些隐性协商将涉及的主题包括在特定的互动中谁应该做什么，哪些行为是允许的，哪些是禁止的，以及控制沟通的瞬间约定，包括语言。这样的交易太多了，社会互动太快了，谈判无法明确进行。此外，交流的过程本身就预设了无数关于交流信号意义的瞬间协议，从而增加了循环的威胁。因此，控制我们互动的临时“社会契约”必须是隐含的。我借鉴了最近的虚拟讨价还价理论，根据该理论，社会伙伴在心理上模拟谈判过程，概述了这些隐性协议是如何达成的，并注意到这一观点提出了实质性的理论和计算挑战。尽管如此，我认为，如果我们想要创造出能够与人类协同工作的人工智能系统，而不是主要作为有价值的专用计算工具，就必须应对这些挑战。本文是“认知人工智能”讨论会议的一部分。
What is required to allow an artificial agent to engage in rich, human-like interactions with people? I argue that this will require capturing the process by which humans continually create and renegotiate ‘bargains’ with each other. These hidden negotiations will concern topics including who should do what in a particular interaction, which actions are allowed and which are forbidden, and the momentary conventions governing communication, including language. Such bargains are far too numerous, and social interactions too rapid, for negotiation to be conducted explicitly. Moreover, the very process of communication presupposes innumerable momentary agreements concerning the meaning of communicative signals, thus raising the threat of circularity. Thus, the improvised ‘social contracts’ that govern our interactions must be implicit. I draw on the recent theory of virtual bargaining, according to which social partners mentally simulate a process of negotiation, to outline how these implicit agreements can be made, and note that this viewpoint raises substantial theoretical and computational challenges. Nonetheless, I suggest that these challenges must be met if we are ever to create AI systems that can work collaboratively alongside people, rather than serving primarily as valuable special-purpose computational tools. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Cognitive artificial intelligence'.
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