CHARACTERIZATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSION FROM OPEN BURNING OF RICE STRAW.
CHARACTERIZATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSION FROM OPEN BURNING OF RICE STRAW.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.09.023
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Liu, L. -J. Sally
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oanh, Nguyen Thi Kim;Ly, Bich Thuy;Tipayarom, Danutawat;Manandhar, Bhai Raja;Prapat, Pongkiatkul;Simpson, Christopher D.;Liu, L. -J. Sally
农田焚烧作物残渣的排放是当今世界许多地区的普遍做法，对空气质量、大气和气候有潜在影响。本研究利用2003-2006年在泰国进行的现场试验(11次扩散焚烧)和实验室引擎盖试验(3堆和6次扩散焚烧)，对稻草焚烧产生的颗粒物(PM)的排放进行了全面的尺寸和成分表征。在野外试验中，采用碳平衡和排放比法确定PM排放因子(EF)。从现场到发动机罩试验，得到的燃料效率各不相同，反映了影响燃烧和排放的多种因素。在引擎盖实验中发现，EFS取决于燃烧类型(散布或堆积)、水分含量和燃烧效率。此外，在田间试验中，燃速和EF也受到天气条件的影响，即风。引擎盖堆燃烧产生的EF(20±8g kg−1RS)显著高于引擎盖铺展燃烧(4.7±2.2g kg−1RS)。现场燃烧排放的颗粒物以PM2.5为主，EF为5.1±0.7g m−2或8.3±2.7g kg−1RS。粗颗粒物组分(PM10-2.5)主要由火灾注意活动产生，且相对较小，由此产生的可吸入颗粒物EF(9.4±3.5g kg−1 RS)并不显著高于PM2.5。测量了8个尺寸范围(从<；0.4μm到>；9.0μm)的PM尺寸分布。PM、EC和OC的最大部分与PM1.1有关。PM2.5和PM10中最重要的成分包括有机碳、水溶性离子和左旋葡聚糖。一些甲氧基酚(如乙酰丁香酮)、多环芳烃(如荧菲和芘)、有机氯农药和多氯联苯的相对丰度也可作为PM排放的额外标志。这些有毒化合物在燃烧烟雾的PM中的存在增加了排放的潜在毒性影响。为了说明这一点，利用获得的现场燃烧EFS和初步燃烧活动数据对泰国每年的RS现场燃烧进行了估计。
Emission from field burning of crop residue, a common practice in many parts of the world today, has potential effects on air quality, atmosphere and climate. This study provides a comprehensive size and compositional characterization of particulate matter (PM) emission from rice straw (RS) burning using both in situ experiments (11 spread field burning) and laboratory hood experiments (3 pile and 6 spread burning) that were conducted during 2003–2006 in Thailand. The carbon balance and emission ratio method was used to determine PM emission factors (EF) in the field experiments. The obtained EFs varied from field to hood experiments reflecting multiple factors affecting combustion and emission. In the hood experiments, EFs were found to be depending on the burning types (spread or pile), moisture content and the combustion efficiency. In addition, in the field experiments, burning rate and EF were also influenced by weather conditions, i.e. wind. Hood pile burning produced significantly higher EF (20±8 g kg−1 RS) than hood spread burning (4.7±2.2 g kg−1 RS). The majority of PM emitted from the field burning was PM2.5 with EF of 5.1±0.7 g m−2 or 8.3±2.7 g kg−1 RS burned. The coarse PM fraction (PM10-2.5) was mainly generated by fire attention activities and was relatively small, hence the resulting EF of PM10 (9.4±3.5 g kg−1 RS) was not significantly higher than PM2.5. PM size distribution was measured across 8 size ranges (from <0.4 μm to >9.0 μm). The largest fractions of PM, EC and OC were associated with PM1.1. The most significant components in PM2.5 and PM10 include OC, water soluble ions and levoglucosan. Relative abundance of some methoxyphenols (e.g., acetylsyringone), PAHs (e.g., fluoranthene and pyrene), organochlorine pesticides and PCBs may also serve as additional signatures for the PM emission. Presence of these toxic compounds in PM of burning smoke increases the potential toxic effects of the emission. For illustration, an estimation of the annual RS field burning in Thailand was made using the obtained in situ field burning EFs and preliminary burning activity data.
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DOI：
10.1056/nejmsa0805646
发表时间：
2009-01-22
期刊：
The New England journal of medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
Pope CA 3rd;Ezzati M;Dockery DW
通讯作者：
Dockery DW
影响因子：
8.9
作者：
IWATA, H;TANABE, S;TATSUKAWA, R
通讯作者：
TATSUKAWA, R
影响因子：
5
作者：
Dhammapala, Ranil;Claiborn, Candis;Jimenez, Jorge
通讯作者：
Jimenez, Jorge
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Schauer, JJ;Cass, GR
通讯作者：
Cass, GR
影响因子：
5
作者：
Jenkins, BM;Jones, AD;Williams, RB
通讯作者：
Williams, RB