Neuroimaging of child abuse: a critical review.
Neuroimaging of child abuse: a critical review.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2012.00052
复制
发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Rubia K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hart H;Rubia K
童年时期的虐待是一种压力源，会导致行为问题的发展，影响大脑的结构和功能。本文综述了儿童虐待对成人和儿童行为、认知和大脑影响的现有证据。神经心理学研究表明，儿童虐待与智商、记忆力、工作记忆、注意力、反应抑制和情绪辨别缺陷之间存在关联。结构神经影像学研究提供了脑容量、灰质和白质缺陷的证据，最突出的是背外侧和腹内侧前额叶皮层，还有海马、杏仁核和胼胝体（CC）。扩散张量成像（DTI）研究显示，这些区域之间的结构区域间连通性存在缺陷，表明神经网络异常。功能成像研究通过报告在反应抑制、工作记忆和情绪处理过程中相同的大脑区域的非典型激活来支持这一证据。然而，本文所讨论的虐待研究文献存在一些局限性，最突出的是缺乏对共病精神疾病的控制，这使得很难区分上述影响中的哪一种是由于虐待、相关精神疾病或两者的结合或相互作用造成的。总的来说，更好的对照研究表明，儿童虐待与大脑测量之间存在直接联系，这表明与儿童早期虐待相关的最突出的缺陷是在调节行为和影响控制的外侧和腹内侧额边缘大脑区域和网络的功能和结构中。然而，未来需要在medication-naïve受试者中进行大规模的多模式神经影像学研究，以控制精神合并症，以阐明与早期环境逆境相关的结构和功能脑后遗症，独立于继发性合并症。
Childhood maltreatment is a stressor that can lead to the development of behavior problems and affect brain structure and function. This review summarizes the current evidence for the effects of childhood maltreatment on behavior, cognition and the brain in adults and children. Neuropsychological studies suggest an association between child abuse and deficits in IQ, memory, working memory, attention, response inhibition and emotion discrimination. Structural neuroimaging studies provide evidence for deficits in brain volume, gray and white matter of several regions, most prominently the dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex but also hippocampus, amygdala, and corpus callosum (CC). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies show evidence for deficits in structural interregional connectivity between these areas, suggesting neural network abnormalities. Functional imaging studies support this evidence by reporting atypical activation in the same brain regions during response inhibition, working memory, and emotion processing. There are, however, several limitations of the abuse research literature which are discussed, most prominently the lack of control for co-morbid psychiatric disorders, which make it difficult to disentangle which of the above effects are due to maltreatment, the associated psychiatric conditions or a combination or interaction between both. Overall, the better controlled studies that show a direct correlation between childhood abuse and brain measures suggest that the most prominent deficits associated with early childhood abuse are in the function and structure of lateral and ventromedial fronto-limbic brain areas and networks that mediate behavioral and affect control. Future, large scale multimodal neuroimaging studies in medication-naïve subjects, however, are needed that control for psychiatric co-morbidities in order to elucidate the structural and functional brain sequelae that are associated with early environmental adversity, independently of secondary co-morbid conditions.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Brake, WG;Sullivan, RM;Gratton, A
通讯作者：
Gratton, A
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Bremner, JD;Vermetten, E;Charney, DS
通讯作者：
Charney, DS
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Aslund, Cecilia;Leppert, Jerzy;Nilsson, Kent W.
通讯作者：
Nilsson, Kent W.
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Brodsky, Beth S.;Mann, J. John;Brent, David
通讯作者：
Brent, David
影响因子：
10.6
作者：
Carrion, VG;Weems, CF;Reiss, AL
通讯作者：
Reiss, AL