Only Right Makes Might? Center-Right Policy Competition Among Major Japanese Parties After Electoral Reform
Only Right Makes Might? Center-Right Policy Competition Among Major Japanese Parties After Electoral Reform
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只有正确才能产生力量？
DOI：
10.1017/jea.2022.28
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Winkler Christian G.,Taniguchi Naoko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
馬塲 健;南島 和久;佐藤 竺;鹿谷 雄一;牛山 久仁彦;山岸 絵美理;田村 秀;佐藤 学;湯浅 孝康;鈴木 潔;飛田 博史;土屋 耕平;山谷 清秀;今里 佳奈子;前田 成東;佐々木 一如;西 平等;鈴木隆;鈴木隆;Winkler Christian G.,Taniguchi Naoko
1990年代日本众议院选举制度改革的效果，一直是日本政治学研究中讨论最多的课题之一。在这些改革中，单一不可转移投票制（SNTV）被一种混合成员多数制（MMM）所取代，该制度具有强大的单一成员区（SMD）和较弱的比例代表制（PR）组成部分。许多研究表明，改革可能对政党的战略产生重大影响。一般来说，SMD系统被广泛认为有利于大型政党，而PR系统更有利于中小型政党。在内容方面，寻求控制政府的较大政党将试图通过普遍/纲领性政策呼吁而不是特殊利益来赢得大量流动选民的支持。相比之下，较小的政党会迎合其核心支持者的偏好。以前的研究指出，日本的旧SNTV系统产生了与PR系统类似的结果（Reed 2003）。因此，日本的选举改革可能改变了大党的策略，大党需要在SMDs中赢得更多席位才能获得（或保持）权力，而小党则继续试图通过PR层赢得席位。因此，改革提供了宝贵的研究材料，因为我们可以同时观察到SMD和PR系统对不同规模政党的不同影响。
The effects of the 1990s reforms to the electoral system of Japan's House of Representatives have been among the most frequently discussed topics in political science research on the country. These reforms saw the replacement of a hitherto single nontransferable vote (SNTV) system by a mixed-member majoritarian (MMM) system with a strong Single Member District (SMD) and a weaker Proportional Representation (PR) component. Many studies have suggested that the reforms may have had significant impact on the strategies of political parties. Generally, SMD systems have been widely thought to favor larger parties, while PR systems are more beneficial to small and medium-sized parties. On the content side, larger parties seeking control of the government would try to win the support of large numbers of floating voters by campaigning on universal/programmatic policy appeals, as opposed to particularistic interests. In contrast, smaller parties would cater towards their core supporters’ preferences. Previous studies have noted that the old SNTV system in Japan had produced results similar to PR systems (Reed 2003). Japan's electoral reform may have thus changed the strategy of large parties, which would need to win more seats in the SMDs to gain (or hold onto) power, while smaller parties have continued to try and win seats via the PR tier. Therefore, the reform provides valuable research material in so far as we can simultaneously observe different effects by the SMD and the PR systems on parties of different sizes.
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影响因子：
1.3
作者：
K. McElwain
通讯作者：
K. McElwain
DOI：
10.1146/annurev-polisci-031710-101450
发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
ANNUAL REVIEW OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, VOL 15
影响因子：
--
作者：
Adams, James
通讯作者：
Adams, James
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
G. Cox
通讯作者：
G. Cox
选举法改革的自然实验
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
D. Giannetti;B. Grofman
通讯作者：
B. Grofman
选举、政党、民主
影响因子：
8.9
作者：
M. McDonald;I. Budge
通讯作者：
I. Budge