The Effects of Attention on the Syllable-Induced Prepulse Inhibition of the Startle Reflex and Cortical EEG Responses against Energetic or Informational Masking in Humans.
The Effects of Attention on the Syllable-Induced Prepulse Inhibition of the Startle Reflex and Cortical EEG Responses against Energetic or Informational Masking in Humans.
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DOI：
10.3390/brainsci12050660
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发表时间：
2022-05-18
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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前脉冲抑制（PPI）是当惊吓刺激（脉冲）之前有较弱的非启动刺激时，声惊吓反射（ASR）的减少。这可以通过促进对噪声掩蔽背景的预脉冲的选择性注意来增强。另一方面，促进对目标语的选择性注意可以使目标语摆脱掩蔽，特别是摆脱言语信息掩蔽。目前尚不清楚注意调节是否也影响这种听觉掩蔽中的PPI。本研究采用语音音节作为前脉冲，研究掩蔽类型和知觉空间注意是否会影响健康成年人对前脉冲的PPI或头皮EEG反应，以及前脉冲诱发的ERPs是否可以预测ASR的PPI强度。结果表明，语音掩蔽比噪声掩蔽产生更大的掩蔽效应，知觉空间分离促进了对前脉冲的选择性注意，增强了前脉冲音节的N1分量和ASR的PPI，尤其是当掩蔽是语音时。此外，在任何条件下，PPI和ERP之间没有显著相关性，但在言语掩蔽条件下，知觉分离引起的PPI增强和ERP N1 P2峰-峰幅度增强相关。因此，注意力介导的PPI是有用的区分噪声能量掩蔽和语音信息掩蔽，和知觉分离诱导的前脉冲释放信息掩蔽与注意力介导的早期皮层去掩蔽处理比与能量掩蔽。然而，ASR的PPI和皮层对前脉冲的反应的过程是由不同的神经机制介导的。
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is the reduction in the acoustic startle reflex (ASR) when the startling stimulus (pulse) is preceded by a weaker, non-starting stimulus. This can be enhanced by facilitating selective attention to the prepulse against a noise-masking background. On the other hand, the facilitation of selective attention to a target speech can release the target speech from masking, particularly from speech informational masking. It is not clear whether attentional regulation also affects PPI in this kind of auditory masking. This study used a speech syllable as the prepulse to examine whether the masker type and perceptual spatial attention can affect the PPI or the scalp EEG responses to the prepulse in healthy younger-adult humans, and whether the ERPs evoked by the prepulse can predict the PPI intensity of the ASR. The results showed that the speech masker produced a larger masking effect than the noise masker, and the perceptual spatial separation facilitated selective attention to the prepulse, enhancing both the N1 component of the prepulse syllable and the PPI of the ASR, particularly when the masker was speech. In addition, there was no significant correlation between the PPI and ERPs under any of the conditions, but the perceptual separation-induced PPI enhancement and ERP N1P2 peak-to-peak amplitude enhancement were correlated under the speech-masking condition. Thus, the attention-mediated PPI is useful for differentiating noise energetic masking and speech informational masking, and the perceptual separation-induced release of the prepulse from informational masking is more associated with attention-mediated early cortical unmasking processing than with energetic masking. However, the processes for the PPI of the ASR and the cortical responses to the prepulse are mediated by different neural mechanisms.
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