The Small Intestine Converts Dietary Fructose into Glucose and Organic Acids.
The Small Intestine Converts Dietary Fructose into Glucose and Organic Acids.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cmet.2017.12.016
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发表时间：
2018-02-06
期刊：
影响因子：
29
通讯作者：
Rabinowitz JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jang C;Hui S;Lu W;Cowan AJ;Morscher RJ;Lee G;Liu W;Tesz GJ;Birnbaum MJ;Rabinowitz JD
过量食用甜食是代谢综合征的一个危险因素。糖果的一个主要化学特征是果糖。尽管果糖和疾病之间有很强的联系，但果糖在哺乳动物体内的代谢命运仍不完全清楚。在这里，我们使用同位素示踪和质谱法来追踪体内葡萄糖和果糖碳的命运，发现饮食中的果糖被小肠清除。清除需要果糖磷酸化酶酮己糖激酶。低剂量的果糖约90%被肠道清除，只有微量果糖，但在门静脉血液中发现大量果糖衍生的葡萄糖、乳酸和甘油。高剂量的果糖（≥1 g/kg）会影响肠道对果糖的吸收和清除，导致果糖到达肝脏和结肠微生物群。肠道的果糖清除可以通过先前的果糖暴露和喂养来增强。我们认为小肠可以保护肝脏免受有毒果糖的侵害。虽然人们普遍认为肝脏是果糖代谢的主要部位，但Jang等人的研究表明，小肠实际上是清除大部分膳食果糖的地方，而喂养可以增强这一点。高剂量的果糖会溢出到肝脏和结肠微生物群中。
Excessive consumption of sweets is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. A major chemical feature of sweets is fructose. Despite strong ties between fructose and disease, the metabolic fate of fructose in mammals remains incompletely understood. Here we use isotope tracing and mass spectrometry to track the fate of glucose and fructose carbons in vivo, finding that dietary fructose is cleared by the small intestine. Clearance requires the fructose-phosphorylating enzyme ketohexokinase. Low doses of fructose are ~90% cleared by the intestine, with only trace fructose but extensive fructose-derived glucose, lactate, and glycerate found in the portal blood. High doses of fructose (≥1 g/kg) overwhelm intestinal fructose absorption and clearance, resulting in fructose reaching both the liver and colonic microbiota. Intestinal fructose clearance is augmented both by prior exposure to fructose and by feeding. We propose that the small intestine shields the liver from otherwise toxic fructose exposure. While it is commonly believed that the liver is the main site of fructose metabolism, Jang et al. show that it is actually the small intestine that clears most dietary fructose, and this is enhanced by feeding. High fructose doses spill over to the liver and to the colonic microbiota.
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影响因子：
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