Worth Less?: Why Men (and Women) Devalue Care-Oriented Careers.
Worth Less?: Why Men (and Women) Devalue Care-Oriented Careers.
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值得更少吗？：为什么男人（和女人）贬低面向护理的职业。
DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01353
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Schmader T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Block K;Croft A;Schmader T
在本研究中，我们应用了目标一致性视角——即男性和女性寻求能够提供其内化价值的角色的命题——来更好地理解医疗保健、早期教育和家庭角色（HEED）的职业在社会中贬值的程度。我们的第一个目标是验证一个假设，即相对于女性，男性对追求HEED职业不太感兴趣，部分原因是他们比女性更不可能支持公共价值观。第二个更新颖的目标是扩展目标一致性理论，以检验公共价值观中的性别差异是否也能预测人们是否会认为，女性职业能为社会增加价值，应该获得更高的薪水。在对本科生的三项研究中（总N = 979），我们测试了社区价值观（即关注他人）与代理价值观（即关注地位、竞争和财富）的预测作用。与目标一致性理论一致，研究1和研究2显示，男性对护理和基础教育等职业的兴趣较低，部分原因是男性（与女性相比）的公共价值观较低。延伸这一理论，所有三项研究还记录了一种普遍趋势，即与STEM职业相比，HEED对社会的价值相对较低。正如预期的那样，社区价值观预测了在HEED职业中感知到更高的社会价值，并支持HEED工资的增长。因此，公共价值观的性别差异解释了男性（与女性相比）倾向于认为HEED职业具有较低的社会价值和较不值得加薪。反过来，感知到的HEED本身的社会价值的性别差异预示着男性对追求HEED职业的兴趣相对较低。在任何情况下，代理价值观都不能更好地解释HEED兴趣或感知价值的性别差异。这些发现对我们如何理解社会对通常由女性和男性占据的职业所赋予的价值具有重要意义。
In the present research, we applied a goal-congruity perspective – the proposition that men and women seek out roles that afford their internalized values – to better understand the degree to which careers in healthcare, early education, and domestic roles (HEED) are devalued in society. Our first goal was to test the hypothesis that men, relative to women, are less interested in pursuing HEED careers in part because they are less likely than women to endorse communal values. A second, more novel goal was to extend goal congruity theory to examine whether gender differences in communal values also predict the belief that HEED careers add worth to society and are deserving of higher salaries. In three studies of undergraduate students (total N = 979), we tested the predictive role of communal values (i.e., a focus on caring for others), as distinct from agentic values (i.e., a focus on status, competition, and wealth). Consistent with goal congruity theory, Studies 1 and 2 revealed that men’s lower interest in adopting HEED careers, such as nursing and elementary education, was partially mediated by men’s (compared to women’s) lower communal values. Extending the theory, all three studies also documented a general tendency to see HEED as having relatively lower worth to society compared to STEM careers. As expected, communal values predicted perceiving higher societal worth in HEED careers, as well as supporting increases in HEED salaries. Thus, gender differences in communal values accounted for men’s (compared to women’s) tendency to perceive HEED careers as having less societal worth and less deserving of salary increases. In turn, gender differences in perceived societal worth of HEED itself predicted men’s relatively lower interest in pursuing HEED careers. In no instance, did agentic values better explain the gender difference in HEED interest or perceived worth. These findings have important implications for how we understand the value that society places on occupations typically occupied by women versus men.
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影响因子：
9.1
作者：
Correll, SJ
通讯作者：
Correll, SJ
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Block, Katharina;Gonzalez, Antonya Marie;Baron, Andrew Scott
通讯作者：
Baron, Andrew Scott
影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Fiske ST
通讯作者：
Fiske ST
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Costa, PT;Terracciano, A;McCrae, RR
通讯作者：
McCrae, RR
影响因子：
4
作者：
Evans, Clifford D.;Diekman, Amanda B.
通讯作者：
Diekman, Amanda B.