SIDT2 Transports Extracellular dsRNA into the Cytoplasm for Innate Immune Recognition.
SIDT2 Transports Extracellular dsRNA into the Cytoplasm for Innate Immune Recognition.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.immuni.2017.08.007
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发表时间:
2017-09-19
期刊:
影响因子:
32.4
通讯作者:
Pang KC
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nguyen TA;Smith BRC;Tate MD;Belz GT;Barrios MH;Elgass KD;Weisman AS;Baker PJ;Preston SP;Whitehead L;Garnham A;Lundie RJ;Smyth GK;Pellegrini M;O'Keeffe M;Wicks IP;Masters SL;Hunter CP;Pang KC
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a common by-product of viral infections and acts as a potent trigger of anti-viral immunity. In the nematode C. elegans, sid-1 encodes a dsRNA transporter that is highly conserved throughout animal evolution, but the physiological role of SID-1 and its orthologs remains unclear. Here, we show that the mammalian SID-1 ortholog, SIDT2, is required to transport internalized extracellular dsRNA from endocytic compartments into the cytoplasm for immune activation. Sidt2 deficient mice exposed to extracellular dsRNA, encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) show impaired production of anti-viral cytokines and – in the case of EMCV and HSV-1 – reduced survival. Thus, SIDT2 has retained the dsRNA transport activity of its C. elegans ortholog, and this transport is important for antiviral immunity. Extracellular double-stranded RNA is predominantly sensed by cytosolic RLRs following endocytic uptake, but how it enters the cytoplasm is unknown. Nguyen and colleagues demonstrate that the endo-lysosomal protein SIDT2 transports double-stranded RNA into the cytoplasm for RLR signalling and is required for survival following EMCV infection.
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