SIDT2 Transports Extracellular dsRNA into the Cytoplasm for Innate Immune Recognition.

SIDT2 Transports Extracellular dsRNA into the Cytoplasm for Innate Immune Recognition.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.immuni.2017.08.007
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发表时间:
2017-09-19
期刊:
影响因子:
32.4
通讯作者:
Pang KC
Pang KC
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nguyen TA;Smith BRC;Tate MD;Belz GT;Barrios MH;Elgass KD;Weisman AS;Baker PJ;Preston SP;Whitehead L;Garnham A;Lundie RJ;Smyth GK;Pellegrini M;O'Keeffe M;Wicks IP;Masters SL;Hunter CP;Pang KC

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双链RNA(DsRNA)是病毒感染的常见副产物,是抗病毒免疫的有效触发因素。在线虫中,SID-1编码一种在动物进化过程中高度保守的dsRNA转运蛋白,但SID-1及其同源基因的生理作用尚不清楚。在这里,我们证明了哺乳动物的SID-1同源基因SIDT2需要将内化的胞外dsRNA从胞内转运到细胞质中,以进行免疫激活。暴露于细胞外dsRNA、脑心肌炎病毒(EMCV)和单纯疱疹病毒1型(HSV-1)的SIDT2缺陷小鼠表现出抗病毒细胞因子的产生受损,并且--在EMCV和HSV-1的情况下--降低了存活率。因此,SIDT2保留了线虫直系物的dsRNA转运活性,这种转运对于抗病毒免疫是重要的。胞外双链RNA主要由胞内RLRs在胞内摄取后感知,但它如何进入细胞质尚不清楚。Nguyen及其同事证明,内切溶酶体蛋白SIDT2将双链RNA运输到细胞质中,用于RLR信号转导,是EMCV感染后生存所必需的。
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a common by-product of viral infections and acts as a potent trigger of anti-viral immunity. In the nematode C. elegans, sid-1 encodes a dsRNA transporter that is highly conserved throughout animal evolution, but the physiological role of SID-1 and its orthologs remains unclear. Here, we show that the mammalian SID-1 ortholog, SIDT2, is required to transport internalized extracellular dsRNA from endocytic compartments into the cytoplasm for immune activation. Sidt2 deficient mice exposed to extracellular dsRNA, encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) show impaired production of anti-viral cytokines and – in the case of EMCV and HSV-1 – reduced survival. Thus, SIDT2 has retained the dsRNA transport activity of its C. elegans ortholog, and this transport is important for antiviral immunity. Extracellular double-stranded RNA is predominantly sensed by cytosolic RLRs following endocytic uptake, but how it enters the cytoplasm is unknown. Nguyen and colleagues demonstrate that the endo-lysosomal protein SIDT2 transports double-stranded RNA into the cytoplasm for RLR signalling and is required for survival following EMCV infection.
A类清除受体1(MSR1)通过介导类似Toll样受体3识别相邻细胞中产生的病毒RNA的识别来限制丙型肝炎病毒复制。
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