Optimism in children's judgments of health and environmental risks.

Optimism in children's judgments of health and environmental risks.
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儿童对健康和环境风险的判断持乐观态度。

DOI:
10.1037//0278-6133.13.4.319
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发表时间:
1994
期刊:
Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Moore,B
Moore,B
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Whalen,CK;Henker,B;O'Neil,R;Hollingshead,J;Holman,A;Moore,B

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尽管乐观偏见在成年人中得到了很好的证明,但人们对儿童如何看待自己维斯同龄人的风险知之甚少。两项针对六年级学生的研究考察了乐观主义和不同健康,生活方式和环境问题中感知风险的差异程度。调查结果揭示了相对的抗毁性和高度分化的风险评估的看法。最乐观的水平出现在可控和污名化的事件,如非法药物,吸烟和艾滋病。性别、评估背景和方法差异的影响极小。讨论集中在学龄儿童的健康促进干预措施的影响,需要发展信息的风险认知过程,以及区分现实的偏见乐观的困难。
Although optimistic bias has been well documented for adults, little is known about how children view their own risks vis-á-vis those of their peers. Two studies of 6th graders examined optimism and the degree of differentiation in perceived risks across diverse health, lifestyle, and environmental problems. The findings revealed perceptions of relative invulnerability and highly differentiated risk assessments. The strongest levels of optimism emerged for controllable and stigmatizing events such as illicit drugs, smoking, and AIDS. The effects of gender, assessment context, and methodological variations were minimal. Discussion focused on the implications for health-promoting interventions with school-age children, the need for developmental information about risk perception processes, and the difficulty of distinguishing realistic from biased optimism.
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