Ultrasound contrast agents: microbubbles made simple for the pediatric radiologist.
Ultrasound contrast agents: microbubbles made simple for the pediatric radiologist.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00247-021-05080-1
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发表时间：
2021-11
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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能够提供及时、实时、易于获取和无辐射的诊断评估，使超声(US)成为最通用的成像方式之一。20世纪90年代初，稳定的基于微泡的超声造影剂(UCAS)的引入和发展改善了复杂血管结构的可视化，克服了B型和多普勒成像的一些局限性。UCA在成人人群中被广泛用于可视化血管系统和评估器官和病变的血流动力学。从第一次观察到液体中的气泡可以产生强烈的回声效应，到早期使用搅拌盐水的临时方法，再到后来工业生产和联邦批准的UCA的开发，这些药物已经演变成临床和商业上都可行的方法。也许UCAS最令人兴奋的潜力正在被当前的研究发现，这些研究探索了这些试剂在分子成像和治疗应用中的用途。随着超声造影(CEUS)的普及，儿科放射科医生必须了解超声信号和微泡之间相互作用的物理机制，以便正确地将其用于最高水平的诊断成像和干预。在这篇文章中，我们介绍了UCA的组成及其在美国的行为物理学，并简要介绍了它们在过去几十年的发展历史。
The ability to provide prompt, real-time, easily accessible and radiation-free diagnostic assessments makes ultrasound (US) one of the most versatile imaging modalities. The introduction and development of stable microbubble-based ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) in the early 1990s improved visualization of complex vascular structures, overcoming some of the limitations of B-mode and Doppler imaging. UCAs have been used extensively in the adult population to visualize vasculature and to evaluate perfusion and blood flow dynamics in organs and lesions. Since the first observations that air bubbles within a liquid can generate a strong echogenic effect, to the early makeshift approaches with agitated saline, and later to the development of industrially produced and federally approved UCAs, these agents have evolved to become both clinically and commercially viable. Perhaps the most exciting potential of UCAs is being uncovered by current research that explores the use of these agents for molecular imaging and therapeutic applications. As contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) becomes more widely available, it is important for pediatric radiologists to understand the physics of the interaction between the US signal and the microbubbles in order to properly utilize them for the highest level of diagnostic imaging and interventions. In this article we introduce the composition of UCAs and the physics of their behavior in US, and we offer a brief history of their development over the last decades.
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影响因子：
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