A Possible Perspective about the Compositional Models, Evolution, and Clinical Meaning of Human Enterotypes.
A Possible Perspective about the Compositional Models, Evolution, and Clinical Meaning of Human Enterotypes.
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DOI：
10.3390/microorganisms9112341
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发表时间：
2021-11-12
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Di Pierro F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Di Pierro F
在通过分析人体肠道微生物区系获得的各种参数中，肠型是细菌群落的最早分类之一，它试图在获得尽可能多的信息的同时，应用于临床医学。虽然有些作者没有观察到集群的存在，而只是观察到了真正的连续梯度，但通常根据不同的模型来描述肠型。第一个模型预测要么基于两个特定的优势，即类杆菌和普氏杆菌，分别聚为肠型1和肠型2，其中瘤胃球菌的优势在类杆菌的优势中变得模糊，要么预测三种显性条件，在这种情况下，瘤胃球菌驱动者构成肠道类型3，与肠型1分离。第二个模型设想了三种可能的肠道微生物区系聚类方法，分别集中在两个、三个和四个优势上。在第一例中，肠型1和肠型2与最初的两种肠型一致，分别以类杆菌和普雷沃特氏菌为主。在第二个病例中，肠型3型的存在是明显的，其优势不是集中在瘤胃球菌上，而是更多地向整个菲米库斯门延伸。在第三个案例中，Firmicuts门的存在被分成两个不同的肠型，产生了定义和命名为混合物1和2的集群。随后，对粪便中的水分含量(水合作用)的分析允许将类杆菌肠型分裂为两个亚肠型，分别称为B1和B2。所有这些模型都使我们能够强调特定的肠型或集群与某些特征之间的一些相关性，例如各自宿主对某些病理的更大易感性。这些观察结果，再加上试图在进化的基础上推导出不同的微生物区系，有助于为这一主题提供新的线索，并证明肠道微生物区系的不同聚集方式在临床应用前景和预防医学中可能具有的效用。
Among the various parameters obtainable through the analysis of the human gut microbiota, the enterotype is one of the first classifications of the bacterial consortia, which tried to obtain, at the same time, as much information as possible to be applied in clinical medicine. Although some authors observed the existence not of clusters, but only of a real continuous gradient, enterotypes are commonly described according to various models. The first model predicted either clustering into enterotypes 1 and 2 based on two specific dominances, Bacteroides and Prevotella, respectively, with the Ruminococcus dominance blurred within the Bacteroides dominance, or it predicted a threedominant condition, in which the Ruminococcus driver constituted enterotype 3, separated from enterotype 1. A second model envisaged three possible ways to cluster gut microbiota, respectively centred on two, three, and four dominances. In the first case, enterotypes 1 and 2 coincided with the two original enterotypes, with the dominance of Bacteroides and Prevotella, respectively. In the second case, the existence of enterotype 3 was evident and whose dominance was not centred on Ruminococcus but extended more towards the entire Firmicutes phylum. In the third case, the presence of the phylum Firmicutes was split into two different enterotypes generating the clusters defined and named as Mixtures 1 and 2. Subsequently, the analysis of the water content (hydration) in the stool allowed the splitting of the Bacteroides enterotype into two sub-enterotype, respectively known as B1 and B2. All these models have allowed us to highlight some correlations between a specific enterotype, or cluster, and some characteristics, such as the greater predisposition of the respective hosts towards certain pathologies. These observations, coupled with the attempt to derive the different microbiota on an evolutionary basis, can help to shed new light on this topic and demonstrate the possible utility that the different ways of clustering the gut microbiota can have in a clinical application perspective and in preventive medicine.
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影响因子：
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