Activation of respiratory-related bursting in an isolated medullary section from adult bullfrogs.
Activation of respiratory-related bursting in an isolated medullary section from adult bullfrogs.
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.245951
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发表时间：
2023-09-15
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影响因子：
--
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呼吸是由脑干中有节奏的神经回路产生的，脑干中含有脊椎动物群体中保守的元素。在成年青蛙中，位于小细胞网状层中的“肺部区域”被认为代表了呼吸的核心节律发生器。虽然这个区域对于呼吸相关的运动输出是必要的，但当它与其他脑干中心分离时，它是否作为内源性振荡器起作用还不清楚。因此，我们生成了包含肺区域的厚脑干切片，以确定它是否可以在高度简化的准备中产生呼吸相关的运动输出。脑干切片没有产生活性。然而，甘氨酸受体的亚饱和阻滞可靠地导致节律性运动输出的出现，其通过GABAA受体的阻滞而进一步增强。输出发生在单线和多突发事件类似的完整的网络。然而，爆发频率较慢，单个爆发的持续时间比完整制剂产生的持续时间长。此外，如在完整网络和体内观察到的，去甲肾上腺素和μ-阿片类药物降低了爆发频率，而5-羟色胺增加了爆发频率。这些结果表明，肺区可以被激活，以产生有节奏的运动相关的输出在减少脑干部分，并提供新的见解呼吸节律生成成年两栖动物。首先，将呼吸聚类成片段可以发生在节律生成网络内，而不需要来自诸如脑桥的结构的长距离输入。第二，可能需要超越节律中枢附近或内部的局部抑制来表达呼吸节律。总结：我们开发了一个减少节奏准备成年牛蛙，可能导致呼吸节律的产生和情节模式形成的无尾两栖动物的细胞机制的研究。
Breathing is generated by a rhythmic neural circuit in the brainstem, which contains conserved elements across vertebrate groups. In adult frogs, the ‘lung area’ located in the reticularis parvocellularis is thought to represent the core rhythm generator for breathing. Although this region is necessary for breathing-related motor output, whether it functions as an endogenous oscillator when isolated from other brainstem centers is not clear. Therefore, we generated thick brainstem sections that encompass the lung area to determine whether it can generate breathing-related motor output in a highly reduced preparation. Brainstem sections did not produce activity. However, subsaturating block of glycine receptors reliably led to the emergence of rhythmic motor output that was further enhanced by blockade of GABAA receptors. Output occurred in singlets and multi-burst episodes resembling the intact network. However, burst frequency was slower and individual bursts had longer durations than those produced by the intact preparation. In addition, burst frequency was reduced by noradrenaline and μ-opioids, and increased by serotonin, as observed in the intact network and in vivo. These results suggest that the lung area can be activated to produce rhythmic respiratory-related motor output in a reduced brainstem section and provide new insights into respiratory rhythm generation in adult amphibians. First, clustering breaths into episodes can occur within the rhythm-generating network without long-range input from structures such as the pons. Second, local inhibition near, or within, the rhythmogenic center may need to be overridden to express the respiratory rhythm. Summary: We developed a reduced rhythmic preparation from adult bullfrogs that may lead to studies of the cellular mechanisms of respiratory rhythm generation and episode pattern formation in anuran amphibians.
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DOI：
10.1152/ajpregu.00209.2020
发表时间：
2021-02-01
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
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影响因子：
3.3
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