Dissociable Mechanisms for Diverse Prosocial Behaviors: Counting Skills Predict Sharing Behavior, but Not Instrumental Helping
Dissociable Mechanisms for Diverse Prosocial Behaviors: Counting Skills Predict Sharing Behavior, but Not Instrumental Helping
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多种亲社会行为的分离机制：计数技能可以预测分享行为，但不能预测工具性帮助
DOI：
10.1080/15248372.2021.1998064
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Chernyak, Nadia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sohail, Sifana;Dunfield, Kristen A.;Chernyak, Nadia
到了学龄前，儿童表现出多种亲社会行为，包括分享资源和帮助他人。虽然最近的研究从理论上证明了这些亲社会行为是由不同的出现年龄、发展轨迹和潜在机制所区分的，但支持最后一种说法的实验证据仍然很少。当前的研究重点关注其中一种认知机制--数字认知--寻求复制和扩展先前的工作，证明儿童的数字认知与精确的分享行为之间存在密切联系，并进一步研究其与工具性帮助的关系。根据有利于亲社会行为的各种分化的理论观点，我们假设数字认知是精确分享的基础，而不是精确帮助行为。85名3至6岁的儿童完成了两个程序上类似的任务，旨在引起分享和工具帮助行为，除了一个Give-N任务测量他们的符号计数技能。尽管程序的相似性，并提供一半（10个中的5个）贴纸在这两个任务中的隐含规范，儿童的计数能力预测精确的共享，但不精确的帮助。这些结果表明，儿童的发展数字认知和行为公平之间的独特关系，提供实证支持的说法，各种亲社会行为的支持不同的潜在机制。
By the preschool age, children exhibit a diversity of prosocial behaviors that include both sharing resources and helping others. Though recent work has theorized that these prosocial behaviors are differentiated by distinct ages of emergence, developmental trajectories and underlying mechanisms, the experimental evidence in support of the last claim remains scant. The current study focuses on one such cognitive mechanism – numerical cognition – seeking to replicate and extend prior work demonstrating the strong link between children’s numerical cognition and precise sharing behavior, and further examining its relationship to instrumental helping. In line with theoretical perspectives favoring the differentiation of varieties of prosocial behaviors, we hypothesize that numerical cognition underlies precise sharing, but not precise helping behavior. Eighty-five 3 to 6-year-old children completed two procedurally similar tasks designed to elicit sharing and instrumental helping behavior, in addition to a Give-N task measuring their symbolic counting skills. Despite the procedural similarity, and the implicit norm of providing half (5 out of 10) stickers in both tasks, children’s counting proficiency predicted precise sharing, but not precise helping. These results indicate a unique relationship between children’s developing numerical cognition and behavioral fairness, providing empirical support for claims that varieties of prosocial behavior are supported by distinct underlying mechanisms.
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影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Koester, Moritz;Ohmer, Xenia;Kaertner, Joscha
通讯作者：
Kaertner, Joscha
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Fehr, Ernst;Bernhard, Helen;Rockenbach, Bettina
通讯作者：
Rockenbach, Bettina
儿童时期亲社会性的神经认知机制。
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
N. Steinbeis
通讯作者：
N. Steinbeis
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1100305108
发表时间：
2011-06-28
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Silk, Joan B.;House, Bailey R.
通讯作者：
House, Bailey R.
基于数量的共享：资源分配背景下的数量对话
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
N. Chernyak
通讯作者：
N. Chernyak