Leptotrichia species in human infections II.

Leptotrichia species in human infections II.
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DOI:
10.1080/20002297.2017.1368848
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
4.5
通讯作者:
Olsen I
Olsen I
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Eribe ERK;Olsen I

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纤毛菌属是一种不动的兼性厌氧/厌氧细菌,主要存在于口腔和人体其他部分、动物甚至海洋沉积物中。有效物种包括 L. buccalis、L. goodfellowii、L. hofstadii、L. honkongensis、L. shahii、L. trevisanii 和 L. wadei。有些物种需要血清或血液才能生长。所有物种都会发酵碳水化合物并产生可能与蛀牙有关的乳酸。作为机会性病原体,它们与多种疾病有关,并且已从免疫功能低下但免疫功能健全的个体中分离出来。粘膜炎、口腔病变、伤口和脓肿可能导致纤毛菌败血症。由于通过表型特征鉴定纤毛虫物种有时会导致错误鉴定,因此建议使用 16S rRNA 基因测序等遗传技术。细毛菌感染的早期诊断和治疗对于取得积极结果非常重要。在过去的几年里,细毛菌属物种与分类学的一些变化以及与临床疾病的新关联有关。此更新的评论中报告了此类更改。
Leptotrichia species are non-motile facultative anaerobic/anaerobic bacteria that are found mostly in the oral cavity and some other parts of the human body, in animals, and even in ocean sediments. Valid species include L. buccalis, L. goodfellowii, L. hofstadii, L. honkongensis, L. shahii, L. trevisanii, and L. wadei. Some species require serum or blood for growth. All species ferment carbohydrates and produce lactic acid that may be involved with tooth decay. Acting as opportunistic pathogens, they are involved in a variety of diseases, and have been isolated from immunocompromised but also immunocompetent individuals. Mucositis, oral lesions, wounds, and abscesses may predispose to Leptotrichia septicemia. Because identification of Leptotrichia species by phenotypic features occasionally lead to misidentification, genetic techniques such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing is recommended. Early diagnosis and treatment of leptotrichia infections is important for positive outcomes. Over the last years, Leptotrichia species have been associated with several changes in taxonomy and new associations with clinical diseases. Such changes are reported in this updated review.
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