The adaptive brain: aging and neurocognitive scaffolding.
The adaptive brain: aging and neurocognitive scaffolding.
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093656
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
24.8
通讯作者：
Reuter-Lorenz P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Park DC;Reuter-Lorenz P
随着年龄的增长，大脑的处理速度、工作记忆、抑制功能和长期记忆都会下降，大脑结构的大小和白色物质的完整性也会下降。面对这些减少，功能成像研究已经证明，有点令人惊讶的是，可靠的前额叶激活增加。为了解释这些联合现象，我们提出了老化和认知的脚手架理论（STAC）。STAC提供了一个老化心理的综合观点，表明随着年龄的增长，普遍增加的额叶激活是一个适应性大脑的标志，它参与了补偿性脚手架，以应对神经结构和功能下降所带来的挑战。脚手架是一个正常的过程，存在于整个生命周期中，涉及使用和发展互补的替代神经回路，以实现特定的认知目标。支架是保护老化大脑的认知功能，现有证据表明，认知参与，锻炼和低水平的默认网络参与可以加强使用这种机制的能力。
There are declines with age in speed of processing, working memory, inhibitory function, and long-term memory, as well as decreases in brain structure size and white matter integrity. In the face of these decreases, functional imaging studies have demonstrated, somewhat surprisingly, reliable increases in prefrontal activation. To account for these joint phenomena, we propose the scaffolding theory of aging and cognition (STAC). STAC provides an integrative view of the aging mind, suggesting that pervasive increased frontal activation with age is a marker of an adaptive brain that engages in compensatory scaffolding in response to the challenges posed by declining neural structures and function. Scaffolding is a normal process present across the lifespan that involves use and development of complementary, alternative neural circuits to achieve a particular cognitive goal. Scaffolding is protective of cognitive function in the aging brain, and available evidence suggests that the ability to use this mechanism is strengthened by cognitive engagement, exercise, and low levels of default network engagement.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Baltes, PB;Lindenberger, U
通讯作者：
Lindenberger, U
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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通讯作者：
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