Contrast in Post-Chill Eclosion Time Strategies Between Two Specialist Braconid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Attacking Rhagoletis Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Western North America

Contrast in Post-Chill Eclosion Time Strategies Between Two Specialist Braconid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Attacking Rhagoletis Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Western North America
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北美洲西部两种专业茧蜂(膜翅目:茧蜂科)攻击Rhagoletis蝇(双翅目:实蝇科)的寒冷后羽化时间策略对比

DOI:
10.1093/ee/nvab080
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
1.7
通讯作者:
Feder, Jeffrey L
Feder, Jeffrey L
中科院分区:
农林科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Yee, Wee L;Forbes, Andrew A;Feder, Jeffrey L

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寄生蜂是一个种类繁多的昆虫类群,表现出广泛的生活史策略。在美国太平洋西北部,实蝇Rhagoletis tabellaria(Fitch)和Rhagoletis indifferences Curran侵扰了红柳山茱萸Cornus sericeaL。(Cornaceae)和苦樱桃、樱桃(Prunus embryata(道格拉斯ex Hooker)Eaton(蔷薇科))。在不同的生活阶段,家蝇被不同的茧蜂寄生,黄腹叶蜂(Utetestabellariae(Fischer))产卵于黄腹叶蜂卵内,黑腹粉蚧(Diachasmamuliebre(Muesebeck))产卵于黄腹叶蜂卵内。冷漠幼虫在樱桃中进食。由于Rhagoletis只有一个主要的一代一年和黄蜂攻击时间不同的苍蝇生活阶段,我们预测,羽化时间的U. tabellariaesshould更密切地跟随其主机比幼虫攻击D. muliebres。结果表明,油松比普通油松晚6.0-12.5 d,而木蠹蛾比普通油松晚32.1 d。然而,出乎意料的是,较长的寒冷持续时间差异影响的系统,较长的越冬影响最小的羽化时间的R. tabellaria和U.tabellariae,但导致早期羽化的两个R. indifferences和D. muliebres。结果表明,在温带地区,茧蜂滞育时间的演变响应主机的生命阶段攻击和苍蝇羽化的特点,可能反映了不同的影响,冬季寄主植物结果物候。较低的寄主植物营养水平在环境条件变化的物候敏感性的差异可能有级联效应,顺序和差异影响羽化时间较高的食果动物(苍蝇)和寄生蜂(黄蜂)的营养水平。
Parasitoids comprise a speciose insect group, displaying a wide array of life history strategies. In the Pacific Northwest of the United States, the tephritid fruit fliesRhagoletis tabellaria(Fitch) andRhagoletis indifferensCurran infest red osier dogwood,Cornus sericeaL. (Cornaceae), and bitter cherry,Prunus emarginata(Douglas ex Hooker) Eaton (Rosaceae), respectively. The flies are parasitized by different braconid wasps at different life stages;Utetes tabellariae(Fischer) oviposits intoR.tabellariaeggs, whereasDiachasma muliebre(Muesebeck) oviposits intoR. indifferenslarvae feeding in cherries. BecauseRhagoletisonly have one major generation a year and the wasps attack temporally distinct fly life stages, we predicted that eclosion times ofU.tabellariaeshould more closely follow that of its host than the larval-attackingD.muliebre. As predicted,U.tabellariaeeclosed on average 6.0–12.5 d later thanR.tabellaria, whereasD.muliebreeclosed on average 32.1 d afterR.indifferens. Unexpectedly, however, longer chill duration differentially affected the systems; longer overwinters minimally influenced eclosion times ofR.tabellariaandU.tabellariae but caused earlier eclosion of bothR.indifferensandD.muliebre. Results imply that in temperate regions, diapause timing in braconid wasps evolves in response to both host life stage attacked and fly eclosion characteristics, possibly reflecting differential effects of winter on host plant fruiting phenology. Differences in phenological sensitivity of the lower host plant trophic level to variation in environmental conditions may have cascading effects, sequentially and differentially affecting eclosion times in higher frugivore (fly) and parasitoid (wasp) trophic levels.
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发表时间: 2020
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影响因子: --
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