Spectral responses of the human circadian system depend on the irradiance and duration of exposure to light.
Spectral responses of the human circadian system depend on the irradiance and duration of exposure to light.
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人类昼夜节律系统的光谱响应取决于辐照度和暴露在光下的持续时间。
DOI：
10.1126/scitranslmed.3000741
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发表时间：
2010-05-12
影响因子：
17.1
通讯作者：
Lockley SW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gooley JJ;Rajaratnam SM;Brainard GC;Kronauer RE;Czeisler CA;Lockley SW
在人类中，昼夜节律对光的反应被认为主要是由含有黑素的视网膜神经节细胞介导的，而不是视杆或视锥。黑素细胞天生对蓝光敏感，但也接受视觉光感受器的输入。因此，我们在人类身上测试了视锥体光感受器是否有助于调节昼夜节律和神经内分泌光反应。在接近夜间褪黑素分泌开始时，研究人员绘制了暴露于蓝光(460 Nm)或绿光(555 Nm)的受试者的褪黑激素抑制和昼夜时相重置的剂量-反应曲线。在干预开始时，555 nm的光与460 nm的光在抑制褪黑素方面同样有效，这表明三锥视觉系统(LambDamax 555 Nm)做出了重大贡献。然而，在光照过程中，对555 nm光的光谱灵敏度相对于460 nm光呈指数衰减。对于相位重置反应，暴露于低照度555 nm光相对于460 nm光的影响太大，不能仅用黑素的激活来解释。我们的发现表明，视锥感光器在光照开始和低光照时对非视觉反应有很大贡献，而黑素似乎是响应长时间光照和高光照的主要昼夜节律感光色素。这些结果与视觉光感受器和黑素在调节人类非视觉光接收中的非多余作用是一致的，并表明对于昼夜节律、睡眠障碍和其他适应症的光疗可能通过刺激黑色素和视锥驱动的光感受器系统来优化。
In humans, circadian responses to light are thought to be mediated primarily by melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells, not rods or cones. Melanopsin cells are intrinsically blue-light sensitive, but also receive input from visual photoreceptors. We therefore tested in humans whether cone photoreceptors contribute to the regulation of circadian and neuroendocrine light responses. Dose-response curves for melatonin suppression and circadian phase resetting were constructed in subjects exposed to blue (460 nm) or green (555 nm) light near the onset of nocturnal melatonin secretion. At the beginning of the intervention, 555 nm light was just as effective as 460 nm light at suppressing melatonin, suggesting a significant contribution from the three-cone visual system (lambdamax 555 nm). During light exposure, however, the spectral sensitivity to 555 nm light decayed exponentially relative to 460 nm light. For phase-resetting responses, the effects of exposure to low irradiance 555 nm light were too large relative to 460 nm light to be explained solely by the activation of melanopsin. Our findings suggest that cone photoreceptors contribute substantially to non-visual responses at the beginning of a light exposure and at low irradiances, whereas melanopsin appears to be the primary circadian photopigment in response to long-duration light exposure and at high irradiances. These results are consistent with a non-redundant role for visual photoreceptors and melanopsin in mediating human non-visual photoreception and suggest that light therapy for circadian rhythm sleep disorders and other indications might be optimized by stimulating both the melanopsin- and cone-driven photoreceptor systems.
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影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Anderson, J. L.;Glod, C. A.;Lockley, S. W.
通讯作者：
Lockley, S. W.
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