Electrodes for high-definition transcutaneous DC stimulation for applications in drug delivery and electrotherapy, including tDCS.
Electrodes for high-definition transcutaneous DC stimulation for applications in drug delivery and electrotherapy, including tDCS.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.05.007
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发表时间：
2010-07-15
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Bikson, Marom
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Minhas, Preet;Bansal, Varun;Patel, Jinal;Ho, Johnson S.;Diaz, Julian;Datta, Abhishek;Bikson, Marom
关键词：
经皮电刺激应用于一系列生物医学应用，包括经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）。tDCS是一种非侵入性手术，在头皮上施加微弱的直流电（<2 mA）来调节大脑功能。高清tDCS （HD-tDCS）是一种通过使用直径<12 mm的电极在头皮上传递电流来增加tDCS空间聚焦的技术。本研究的目的是设计和优化“高清晰度”电极凝胶参数，用于电极耐久性、皮肤安全性和主观疼痛。在琼脂凝胶或受试者前臂上施加2 mA直流电长达22分钟期间，评估阳极和阴极电极电位、温度、pH值和主观感觉随时间的变化。选择5种固体导体（Ag颗粒、Ag/AgCl颗粒、Rubber颗粒、Ag/AgCl环和Ag/AgCl盘）和7种导电凝胶（Signa、Spectra、Tensive、Redux、BioGel、electron和CCNY-4）进行了研究。Ag/AgCl环与CCNY-4凝胶联合使用效果最佳。在阳极刺激下，除了Ag/AgCl环电极和圆盘电极外，所有电极凝胶组合的电极电位和温度都普遍升高。除了带有Signa和CCNY-4凝胶的Ag和Rubber颗粒电极外，所有固体导体的pH值都保持不变。感觉等级与刺激极性无关。Ag/AgCl环电极被发现是最舒适的，其次是Ag、橡胶和Ag/AgCl颗粒电极。
Transcutaneous electrical stimulation is applied in a range of biomedical applications including Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). tDCS is a non-invasive procedure where a weak direct current (<2 mA) is applied across the scalp to modulate brain function. High-Definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) is a technique used to increase the spatial focality of tDCS by passing current across the scalp using <12 mm diameter electrodes. The purpose of this study was to design and optimize “high-definition” electrode-gel parameters for electrode durability, skin safety, and subjective pain. Anode and cathode electrode potential, temperature, pH, and subjective sensation over time were assessed during application of 2 mA direct current, for up to 22 minutes on agar gel or subject forearms. A selection of 5 types of solid-conductors (Ag pellet, Ag/AgCl pellet, Rubber pellet, Ag/AgCl ring, and Ag/AgCl disc) and 7 conductive gels (Signa, Spectra, Tensive, Redux, BioGel, Lectron, and CCNY-4) were investigated. The Ag/AgCl ring in combination with CCNY-4 gel resulted in the most favorable outcomes. Under anode stimulations, electrode potential and temperature rises were generally observed in all electrode-gel combinations except for Ag/AgCl ring and disc electrodes. pH remained constant for all solid-conductors except for both Ag and Rubber pellet electrodes with Signa and CCNY-4 gels. Sensation ratings were independent of stimulation polarity. Ag/AgCl ring electrodes were found to be the most comfortable followed by Ag, Rubber, and Ag/AgCl pellet electrodes across all gels.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.clinph.2009.03.023
发表时间：
2009-06
期刊：
Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Miranda PC;Faria P;Hallett M
通讯作者：
Hallett M
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Molitor, H;Fernandez, L
通讯作者：
Fernandez, L
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Nitsche, M. A.;Doemkes, S.;Paulus, W.
通讯作者：
Paulus, W.
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Droog, EJ;Sjöberg, F
通讯作者：
Sjöberg, F
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
CRAANEVANHINSBERG, WHM;VERHOEF, JC;BODDE, HE
通讯作者：
BODDE, HE