Cadmium osteotoxicity in experimental animals: mechanisms and relationship to human exposures.
Cadmium osteotoxicity in experimental animals: mechanisms and relationship to human exposures.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.taap.2009.05.015
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发表时间：
2009-08-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Bhattacharyya MH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bhattacharyya MH
最近广泛的流行病学研究表明，在比以往任何时候都更低的暴露水平下，镉暴露增加与骨密度降低和骨折发生率增加显著相关。对实验动物的研究已经解决了非常低浓度的饮食镉是否会对骨骼产生负面影响。本综述评价了在实验动物中关于骨作用机制的结果以及这些结果在人类中的应用。结果表明，大鼠长期从饮食中接触到相当于人类环境接触水平的六氯丁二烯，会导致骨骼脆弱性增加和矿物质密度降低。镉诱导的脱矿作用在暴露后不久开始，在小鼠口服剂量的24小时内。在骨培养系统中，低浓度的镉直接作用于骨细胞，导致骨形成减少和骨吸收增加，与其对肾脏、肠道或循环激素浓度的影响无关。基因表达微阵列和基因敲除小鼠模型的结果提供了镉可能影响骨骼的机制的见解。将结果应用于人类被认为是关于香烟烟雾暴露途径和镉的直接与间接影响。显然，了解镉在实验动物中引起骨丢失的机制将有助于深入了解其在人类中的各种影响。预防骨质流失对于保持积极、独立的生活方式至关重要，特别是在老年人中。确定镉等导致人类骨折增加的环境因素是一项重要的任务，也是预防的第一步。
Extensive epidemiological studies have recently demonstrated increased cadmium exposure correlating significantly with decreased bone mineral density and increased fracture incidence in humans at lower exposure levels than ever before evaluated. Studies in experimental animals have addressed whether very low concentrations of dietary cadmium can negatively impact the skeleton. This overview evaluates results in experimental animals regarding mechanisms of action on bone and the application of these results to humans. Results demonstrate that long-term dietary exposures in rats, at levels corresponding to environmental exposures in humans, result in increased skeletal fragility and decreased mineral density. Cadmium-induced demineralization begins soon after exposure, within 24 hours of an oral dose to mice. In bone culture systems, cadmium at low concentrations acts directly on bone cells to cause both decreases in bone formation and increases in bone resorption, independent of its effects on kidney, intestine, or circulating hormone concentrations. Results from gene expression microarray and gene knock-out mouse models provide insight into mechanisms by which cadmium may affect bone. Application of the results to humans is considered with respect to cigarette smoke exposure pathways and direct vs. indirect effects of cadmium. Clearly, understanding the mechanism(s) by which cadmium causes bone loss in experimental animals will provide insight into its diverse effects in humans. Preventing bone loss is critical to maintaining an active, independent lifestyle, particularly among elderly persons. Identifying environmental factors such as cadmium that contribute to increased fractures in humans is an important undertaking and a first step to prevention.
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影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Alfvén, T;Järup, L;Elinder, CG
通讯作者：
Elinder, CG
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
Alfvén, T;Elinder, CG;Järup, L
通讯作者：
Järup, L
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.85.22.8761
发表时间：
1988-11-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
BHATTACHARYYA, MH;WHELTON, BD;PETERSON, DP
通讯作者：
PETERSON, DP
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Dakeshita, Satoru;Kawai, Tomoko;Arisawa, Kokichi
通讯作者：
Arisawa, Kokichi
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Brzoska, Malgorzata M.;Galazyn-Sidorczuk, Malgorzata;Moniuszko-Jakoniuk, Janina
通讯作者：
Moniuszko-Jakoniuk, Janina