Ticks Resist Skin Commensals with Immune Factor of Bacterial Origin.
Ticks Resist Skin Commensals with Immune Factor of Bacterial Origin.
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蜱抵抗皮肤Commensals与免疫因子的细菌来源。
DOI：
10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.042
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发表时间：
2020-12-10
期刊：
影响因子：
64.5
通讯作者：
Chou S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hayes BM;Radkov AD;Yarza F;Flores S;Kim J;Zhao Z;Lexa KW;Marnin L;Biboy J;Bowcut V;Vollmer W;Pedra JHF;Chou S
蜱将各种各样的微生物传播给脊椎动物宿主，包括人类病原体，这导致了该载体系统以人为中心的焦点。对蜱虫本身的病原体知之甚少。在这里，我们发现黑腿蜱（肩突硬蜱）从细菌水平获得的毒素--驯化酰胺酶效应子2（dae 2）--已经进化到以显著的效率杀死哺乳动物皮肤微生物。分泌到蜱的唾液和肠道中，Dae 2在蜱进食时限制皮肤相关葡萄球菌。相比之下，Dae 2没有内在的能力杀死伯氏疏螺旋体，蜱传莱姆病细菌病原体。这些发现表明，蜱虫抵抗自己的病原体，同时容忍共生体。因此，正如蜱虫共生体可能对人类致病一样，哺乳动物的寄生虫可能对蜱虫有害。我们的研究强调了毒力是如何依赖于环境的，并支持了“病原体”是一种状态而不是一种身份的观点。Hayes等人证明，人类皮肤上的细菌可能对蜱虫具有致病性，但黑脚蜱虫已经水平获得了一种细菌毒素-Dae 2-可以有效杀死哺乳动物皮肤微生物。Dae 2被分泌到蜱的消化系统中，并在进食过程中杀死皮肤相关的葡萄球菌，但不会杀死伯氏疏螺旋体，这是导致人类莱姆病的细菌。
Ticks transmit a diverse array of microbes to vertebrate hosts, including human pathogens, which has led to a human-centric focus in this vector system. Far less is known about pathogens of ticks themselves. Here, we discover that a toxin in blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) horizontally acquired from bacteria—called domesticated amidase effector 2 (dae2)—has evolved to kill mammalian skin microbes with remarkable efficiency. Secreted into the saliva and gut of ticks, Dae2 limits skin-associated staphylococci in ticks while feeding. In contrast, Dae2 has no intrinsic ability to kill Borrelia burgdorferi, the tick-borne Lyme disease bacterial pathogen. These findings suggest ticks resist their own pathogens while tolerating symbionts. Thus, just as tick symbionts can be pathogenic to humans, mammalian commensals can be harmful to ticks. Our study underscores how virulence is context-dependent and bolsters the idea that “pathogen” is a status and not an identity. Hayes et al. demonstrate that bacteria on the skin of humans can be pathogenic to ticks, but blacklegged ticks have horizontally acquired a bacterial toxin—Dae2—that efficiently kills mammalian skin microbes. Dae2 is secreted into the tick digestive system and kills off skin-associated staphylococci during feeding, but not Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterial cause of Lyme disease in humans.
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影响因子：
14.8
作者：
Kelley LA;Mezulis S;Yates CM;Wass MN;Sternberg MJ
通讯作者：
Sternberg MJ
影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Gulia-Nuss M;Nuss AB;Meyer JM;Sonenshine DE;Roe RM;Waterhouse RM;Sattelle DB;de la Fuente J;Ribeiro JM;Megy K;Thimmapuram J;Miller JR;Walenz BP;Koren S;Hostetler JB;Thiagarajan M;Joardar VS;Hannick LI;Bidwell S;Hammond MP;Young S;Zeng Q;Abrudan JL;Almeida FC;Ayllón N;Bhide K;Bissinger BW;Bonzon-Kulichenko E;Buckingham SD;Caffrey DR;Caimano MJ;Croset V;Driscoll T;Gilbert D;Gillespie JJ;Giraldo-Calderón GI;Grabowski JM;Jiang D;Khalil SMS;Kim D;Kocan KM;Koči J;Kuhn RJ;Kurtti TJ;Lees K;Lang EG;Kennedy RC;Kwon H;Perera R;Qi Y;Radolf JD;Sakamoto JM;Sánchez-Gracia A;Severo MS;Silverman N;Šimo L;Tojo M;Tornador C;Van Zee JP;Vázquez J;Vieira FG;Villar M;Wespiser AR;Yang Y;Zhu J;Arensburger P;Pietrantonio PV;Barker SC;Shao R;Zdobnov EM;Hauser F;Grimmelikhuijzen CJP;Park Y;Rozas J;Benton R;Pedra JHF;Nelson DR;Unger MF;Tubio JMC;Tu Z;Robertson HM;Shumway M;Sutton G;Wortman JR;Lawson D;Wikel SK;Nene VM;Fraser CM;Collins FH;Birren B;Nelson KE;Caler E;Hill CA
通讯作者：
Hill CA
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Lormendez, Caleb C.;Fernandez-Ruvalcaba, Manuel;Pena-Chora, Guadalupe
通讯作者：
Pena-Chora, Guadalupe
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Wilke AB;Marrelli MT
通讯作者：
Marrelli MT
影响因子：
30.5
作者：
Little, TJ;Hultmark, D;Read, AF
通讯作者：
Read, AF