Salience and Attention in Surprisal-Based Accounts of Language Processing

Salience and Attention in Surprisal-Based Accounts of Language Processing
复制标题

基于惊喜的语言处理描述中的显着性和注意力

DOI:
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发表时间:
2016
影响因子:
3.8
通讯作者:
Vera Demberg
Vera Demberg
中科院分区:
心理学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Alessandra Zarcone;Marten van Schijndel;J. Vogels;Vera Demberg

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突显度的概念已经被挑出来作为解释各种语言现象的因素。具体地,感知显著性(例如,世界中对象的视觉显著性,语言声音的声学显著性)和语义-语用显著性(例如,最近提到的或主题所指的突出性)已经被证明会影响语言的理解和产生。另一种不同的研究试图解释理解过程中认知负荷的行为相关性,以及使用信息论概念(如双音节)来解释语言使用中的某些模式。意外性和突显性都在不同的层面上影响语言加工,但两者之间的关系尚未得到充分阐明,突显性是否可以归结为意外性/可预测性的问题仍然悬而未决。我们的审查确定了两个主要的挑战,在解决这个问题:术语的不一致性和缺乏整合的高和低层次的代表性,基于显着性的帐户和基于广告的帐户。我们利用视觉认知的工作,以定位自己在调查的不同方面的概念,在语言学的显着性和他们的关系模型的显着性。我们发现,关于突显性的工作突出了语言交际的一些方面,这些方面是语言交际模型往往忽视的,即注意力和与当前目标的相关性的作用,我们认为,预测编码框架提供了一个统一的观点,可以解释注意力和可预测性在不同层次的处理中所扮演的角色,并可以澄清低层次和高层次过程之间的相互作用,以及低层次和高层次过程之间的相互作用。可预测性驱动的期望和注意力驱动的焦点。
The notion of salience has been singled out as the explanatory factor for a diverse range of linguistic phenomena. In particular, perceptual salience (e.g., visual salience of objects in the world, acoustic prominence of linguistic sounds) and semantic-pragmatic salience (e.g., prominence of recently mentioned or topical referents) have been shown to influence language comprehension and production. A different line of research has sought to account for behavioral correlates of cognitive load during comprehension as well as for certain patterns in language usage using information-theoretic notions, such as surprisal. Surprisal and salience both affect language processing at different levels, but the relationship between the two has not been adequately elucidated, and the question of whether salience can be reduced to surprisal / predictability is still open. Our review identifies two main challenges in addressing this question: terminological inconsistency and lack of integration between high and low levels of representations in salience-based accounts and surprisal-based accounts. We capitalize upon work in visual cognition in order to orient ourselves in surveying the different facets of the notion of salience in linguistics and their relation with models of surprisal. We find that work on salience highlights aspects of linguistic communication that models of surprisal tend to overlook, namely the role of attention and relevance to current goals, and we argue that the Predictive Coding framework provides a unified view which can account for the role played by attention and predictability at different levels of processing and which can clarify the interplay between low and high levels of processes and between predictability-driven expectation and attention-driven focus.
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发表时间: 2011
影响因子: 24.8
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