Male-killing mechanisms vary between Spiroplasma species.

Male-killing mechanisms vary between Spiroplasma species.
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DOI:
10.3389/fmicb.2022.1075199
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Kageyama, Daisuke
Kageyama, Daisuke
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Arai, Hiroshi;Inoue, Maki N.;Kageyama, Daisuke

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雄性致死是节肢动物发育过程中的一种雄性特异性死亡,由柑橘属和硬壳属的螺旋体内共生体诱导,这两个群体是系统发育上相距较远的群体。普氏螺旋体利用含有锚蛋白重复序列的Spaed毒素诱导黑腹果蝇(双翅目)杀死雄性,而硬毛螺旋体诱导雄性死亡的起源和机制却鲜为人知。在这里,我们分析了一株杀死雄蛾的硬尾丝虫菌株SHM的基因组和生物学特性。SHM株含有一个2.1Mb的染色体和两个编码IV型效应器的潜在质粒,推测参与了毒力和宿主-共生菌的相互作用。此外,SHM不含有spaid基因,但含有10个与其他硬皮血吸虫株同源的ankyrin基因。与普氏链球菌在血淋巴中的优势存在相反,我们的定量聚合酶链式反应显示SHM菌株在马氏囊原虫体内呈全身性分布,在马氏管中的滴度特别高,而在血淋巴中的滴度很低。此外,传播感染试验证实,SHM菌株可感染白纹伊蚊(双翅目)和家蚕(鳞翅目)远缘昆虫来源的培养细胞。这些结果表明硬壳菌和普氏链球菌诱导的雄性死亡的来源和特征不同。
Male-killing, a male-specific death of arthropod hosts during development, is induced by Spiroplasma (Mollicutes) endosymbionts of the Citri–Poulsonii and the Ixodetis groups, which are phylogenetically distant groups. Spiroplasma poulsonii induces male-killing in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera) using the Spaid toxin that harbors ankyrin repeats, whereas little is known about the origin and mechanisms of male-killing induced by Spiroplasma ixodetis. Here, we analyzed the genome and the biological characteristics of a male-killing S. ixodetis strain sHm in the moth Homona magnanima (Tortricidae, Lepidoptera). Strain sHm harbored a 2.1 Mb chromosome and two potential plasmids encoding Type IV effectors, putatively involved in virulence and host–symbiont interactions. Moreover, sHm did not harbor the spaid gene but harbored 10 ankyrin genes that were homologous to those in other S. ixodetis strains. In contrast to the predominant existence of S. poulsonii in hemolymph, our quantitative PCR assays revealed a systemic distribution of strain sHm in H. magnanima, with particularly high titers in Malpighian tubules but low titers in hemolymph. Furthermore, transinfection assays confirmed that strain sHm can infect cultured cells derived from distantly related insects, namely Aedes albopictus (Diptera) and Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera). These results suggest different origins and characteristics of S. ixodetis- and S. poulsonii-induced male-killing.
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