Prevention through design: insights from computational fluid dynamics modeling to predict exposure to ultrafine particles from 3D printing.
Prevention through design: insights from computational fluid dynamics modeling to predict exposure to ultrafine particles from 3D printing.
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DOI：
10.1080/15287394.2021.1886210
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发表时间：
2021-06-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hull MS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MacCuspie RI;Hill WC;Hall DR;Korchevskiy A;Strode CD;Kennedy AJ;Ballentine ML;Rycroft T;Hull MS
熔丝制造（FFF） 3D打印机越来越多地用于工业、学术、军事和住宅领域，但其排放和相关的用户暴露场景并未得到充分描述。潜在用户暴露和环境释放的特征需要强有力的调查。在操作过程中，普通FFF 3D打印机会根据原料和操作程序发出不同数量的超细颗粒（ufp）。与这些排放物相关的挥发性有机化合物表现出独特的气味；然而，UFP部分在很大程度上是人类无法察觉的。本研究提出了简单的计算建模以及实验验证，为3D打印机可能使用的低暴露空间的主动设计提供可操作的见解。具体而言，数据表明，强制清洁气流可能会产生较低的暴露空间，并且可以使用计算模型以合理的精度预测这些空间，以协助房间设计。室内通风扩散器的配置和位置可能是确定低暴露空间的关键因素。在ANSI/CAN/UL 2904环境室中测量打印过程中的排放的工作流程用于为6平方米房间的计算流体动力学（CFD）建模提供数据。在相同几何形状的1000级洁净室中进行的颗粒浓度测量发现，模型和实验数据之间的一致性通过了汉纳测试，验证了研究结果。
Fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printers are increasingly used in industrial, academic, military, and residential sectors, yet their emissions and associated user exposure scenarios are not fully described. Characterization of potential user exposure and environmental releases requires robust investigation. During operation, common FFF 3D printers emit varying amounts of ultrafine particles (UFPs) depending upon feedstock material and operation procedures. Volatile organic compounds associated with these emissions exhibit distinct odors; however, the UFP portion is largely imperceptible by humans. This investigation presents straightforward computational modeling as well as experimental validation to provide actionable insights for proactive design of lower exposure spaces where 3D printers may be used. Specifically, data suggest that forced clean airflows may create lower exposure spaces, and that computational modeling might be employed to predict these spaces with reasonable accuracy to assist with room design. The configuration and positioning of room air ventilation diffusers may be a key factor identifying lower exposure spaces. A workflow of measuring emissions during a printing process in an ANSI/CAN/UL 2904 environmental chamber was used to provide data for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of a 6 m2 room. Measurements of the particle concentrations in a Class 1000 clean room of identical geometry were found to pass the Hanna test for agreement between model and experimental data, validating the findings.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11051-015-3152-9
发表时间：
2015-09
期刊：
Journal of nanoparticle research : an interdisciplinary forum for nanoscale science and technology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Geraci C;Heidel D;Sayes C;Hodson L;Schulte P;Eastlake A;Brenner S
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10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.11.004
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2011-06-01
影响因子：
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作者：
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