Diverse subtypes of astrocytes and their development during corticogenesis.

Diverse subtypes of astrocytes and their development during corticogenesis.
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DOI:
10.3389/fnins.2015.00114
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发表时间:
2015
影响因子:
4.3
通讯作者:
Tabata H
Tabata H
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tabata H

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星形胶质细胞是哺乳动物中枢神经系统中最丰富的细胞类型之一,具有多种生理功能,包括神经元的维持、血脑屏障的形成和突触功能的调节。尽管在过去的几十年里,人们对神经元的迁移和定位进行了广泛的研究,并揭示了许多方面,但直到最近,由于胶质细胞的多种亚型的存在以及这些细胞在成年期的持续增殖能力,胶质细胞发育的过程在很大程度上是未知的。为了克服这些困难,开发了新的基因转移技术和转基因小鼠,并逐渐揭示了在皮质发生过程中星形胶质细胞何时以及如何发育。本文综述了星形胶质细胞的多样性,并对其产生和迁移进行了综述。
Astrocytes are one of the most abundant cell types in the mammalian central nervous system, and are known to have a wide variety of physiological functions, including maintenance of neurons, formation of the blood brain barrier, and regulation of synapse functions. Although the migration and positioning of neurons has been extensively studied over the last several decades and many aspects have been uncovered, the process underlying glial development was largely unknown until recently due to the existence of multiple subtypes of glia and the sustained proliferative ability of these cells through adulthood. To overcome these difficulties, new gene transfer techniques and genetically modified mice were developed, and have been gradually revealing when and how astrocytes develop during corticogenesis. In this paper, I review the diversity of astrocytes and summarize our knowledge about their production and migration.
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