Microbial Technologies Employed for Biodegradation of Neonicotinoids in the Agroecosystem.

Microbial Technologies Employed for Biodegradation of Neonicotinoids in the Agroecosystem.
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DOI:
10.3389/fmicb.2021.759439
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Liu J
Liu J
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ahmad S;Cui D;Zhong G;Liu J

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新烟碱类杀虫剂是合成农药,广泛用于控制世界各地农业中的各种害虫。它们主要攻击烟碱乙酰胆碱受体,产生神经刺激、受体凝块、麻痹,最终导致死亡。它们挥发性低,溶解度高,在土壤和水中的半衰期长。由于它们的广泛使用,环境残留物在过去二十年中急剧增加,并对包括人类在内的非目标生物体造成了许多有害影响。因此,为了保护环境和生物多样性,新烟碱类杀虫剂的降解受到广泛关注。与其他方法相比,生物方法被认为具有成本效益、环境友好且最有效。特别是,微生物物种的使用使得外源物质的降解由于其较小的尺寸而更容易快速和活跃。由于这种降解还将外源物质转化为毒性较小的物质,因此已经系统地讨论了新烟碱类微生物降解的各种代谢途径。此外,这里还研究了不同的酶、基因、质粒和蛋白质。最后,本综述强调了创新工具、数据库、多组学策略和微生物细胞固定技术的实施,以检测和降解环境中的新烟碱类杀虫剂。
Neonicotinoids are synthetic pesticides widely used for the control of various pests in agriculture throughout the world. They mainly attack the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, generate nervous stimulation, receptor clot, paralysis and finally cause death. They are low volatile, highly soluble and have a long half-life in soil and water. Due to their extensive use, the environmental residues have immensely increased in the last two decades and caused many hazardous effects on non-target organisms, including humans. Hence, for the protection of the environment and diversity of living organism’s the degradation of neonicotinoids has received widespread attention. Compared to the other methods, biological methods are considered cost-effective, eco-friendly and most efficient. In particular, the use of microbial species makes the degradation of xenobiotics more accessible fast and active due to their smaller size. Since this degradation also converts xenobiotics into less toxic substances, the various metabolic pathways for the microbial degradation of neonicotinoids have been systematically discussed. Additionally, different enzymes, genes, plasmids and proteins are also investigated here. At last, this review highlights the implementation of innovative tools, databases, multi-omics strategies and immobilization techniques of microbial cells to detect and degrade neonicotinoids in the environment.
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