Timing matters when correcting fake news.

Timing matters when correcting fake news.
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DOI:
10.1073/pnas.2020043118
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发表时间:
2021-02-02
影响因子:
11.1
通讯作者:
Rand DG
Rand DG
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Brashier NM;Pennycook G;Berinsky AJ;Rand DG

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反击错误信息会降低人们对当下的信念,但纠正信息很快就会从记忆中消失。我们测试了事实核查的长期影响是否取决于人们何时收到它们。在两项实验(总计 N = 2,683)中,参与者阅读了来自社交媒体的真实和虚假标题。在治疗条件下,“真”和“假”标签出现在参与者阅读每个标题之前、期间或之后。处于控制条件下的参与者没有收到有关真实性的信息。一周后,所有条件下的参与者都对相同标题的准确性进行了评分。在头条新闻之后(揭穿真相)提供事实核查比在曝光期间(贴标签)或之前(揭穿真相)提供相同信息更能改善随后的真相辨别。这一发现为信念修正的认知科学提供了信息,并对社交媒体平台设计者具有实际意义。
Countering misinformation can reduce belief in the moment, but corrective messages quickly fade from memory. We tested whether the longer-term impact of fact-checks depends on when people receive them. In two experiments (total N = 2,683), participants read true and false headlines taken from social media. In the treatment conditions, “true” and “false” tags appeared before, during, or after participants read each headline. Participants in a control condition received no information about veracity. One week later, participants in all conditions rated the same headlines’ accuracy. Providing fact-checks after headlines (debunking) improved subsequent truth discernment more than providing the same information during (labeling) or before (prebunking) exposure. This finding informs the cognitive science of belief revision and has practical implications for social media platform designers.
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