Evaluation of the effects of flushing feed manufacturing equipment with chemically treated rice hulls on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus cross-contamination during feed manufacturing.
Evaluation of the effects of flushing feed manufacturing equipment with chemically treated rice hulls on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus cross-contamination during feed manufacturing.
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DOI：
10.1093/jas/sky295
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发表时间：
2018-09-29
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Dritz SS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gebhardt JT;Cochrane RA;Woodworth JC;Jones CK;Niederwerder MC;Muckey MB;Stark CR;Tokach MD;DeRouchey JM;Goodband RD;Bai J;Gauger PC;Chen Q;Zhang J;Main RG;Dritz SS
已经提出了各种策略来降低猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)通过饲料和饲料成分传播的潜在风险。湿法消毒已被发现是饲料厂表面最有效的去污方法；然而，这在商业饲料生产规模上是不可行的。另一种可能的缓解策略是使用化学处理过的稻壳冲刷饲料制造设备。因此，本研究的目的是确定中链脂肪酸(MCFA)或经甲醛处理的稻壳冲洗批次作为潜在的化学缓解策略在饲料生产过程中对PEDV的影响。在无PEDV RNA污染证据的饲料中接种PEDV。根据聚合酶链式反应分析，该饲料的循环阈值(Ct)为30.2，经生物检测证实为感染性饲料。生产PEDV阳性饲料后，将未经处理的稻壳、甲醛处理的稻壳、2%的MCFA(己酸、辛酸和癸酸的1：1：1混合物)处理的稻壳或10%的MCFA处理的稻壳通过实验室规模的搅拌机冲洗。对于未经处理的稻壳，6个样品中有3个样品检测到PEDV RNA，而6个经甲醛处理的稻壳样品中有1个样品和6个2%MCFA稻壳样品中有2个样品检测到PEDV RNA。然而，在10%的MCFA稻壳冲洗样品中没有检测到PEDV RNA。然后，用10%的MCFA处理稻壳，在PEDV阳性饲料后，通过生产规模搅拌机和斗式提升机进行混合和排放。在经过化学处理的稻壳冲洗后，没有稻壳冲洗或混合器中的饲料样本检测到PEDV RNA。然而，从斗式升降机排放喷嘴收集的10%MCFA稻壳样本中检测到PEDV RNA。混合受PEDV污染的饲料后收集的粉尘中可检测到PEDV RNA(Ct=29.4)，并具有传染性。然而，在10%MCFA稻壳冲洗批次后立即收集的粉尘中PEDV RNA的数量减少(Ct=33.7)，并且不会引起感染。总体而言，在混合了一批PEDV阳性饲料后，使用稻壳冲洗剂有效地减少了可检测到的RNA数量。用甲醛或10%MCFA对稻壳进行化学处理，可进一步减少可检测到的RNA。最后，生产PEDV接种饲料后收集的粉尘有可能成为PEDV传播的媒介。
Various strategies have been proposed to mitigate potential risk of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) transmission via feed and feed ingredients. Wet disinfection has been found to be the most effective decontamination of feed mill surfaces; however, this is not practical on a commercial feed production scale. Another potential mitigation strategy would be using chemically treated rice hulls flushed through the feed manufacturing equipment. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) or formaldehyde-treated rice hull flush batches as potential chemical mitigation strategies for PEDV during feed manufacturing. Feed without evidence of PEDV RNA contamination was inoculated with PEDV. Based on polymerase chain reaction analysis, this feed had a cycle threshold (Ct) = 30.2 and was confirmed infective in bioassay. After manufacturing the PEDV-positive feed, untreated rice hulls, formaldehyde-treated rice hulls, 2% MCFA- (a 1:1:1 blend of hexanoic, octanoic, and decanoic acid) treated rice hulls, or 10% MCFA-treated rice hulls were flushed through laboratory scale mixers. For the untreated rice hulls, 3 of 6 samples had detectable PEDV RNA, whereas 1 of 6 formaldehyde-treated rice hull flush samples and 2 of 6 of the 2% MCFA rice hull flush samples had detectable PEDV RNA. However, PEDV RNA was not detected in any of the 10% MCFA rice hull flush samples. Then, rice hulls treated with 10% MCFA were mixed and discharged through a production scale mixer and bucket elevator following PEDV-positive feed. No rice hull flush or feed samples from the mixer following chemically treated rice hull flush had detectible PEDV RNA. However, one 10% MCFA rice hull sample collected from the bucket elevator discharge spout had detectible PEDV RNA. Dust collected following mixing of PEDV contaminated feed had detectable PEDV RNA (Ct = 29.4) and was infectious. However, dust collected immediately after the 10% MCFA rice hull flush batch had a reduced quantity of PEDV RNA (Ct = 33.7) and did not cause infection. Overall, the use of rice hull flushes effectively reduced the quantity of detectible RNA present after mixing a batch of PEDV-positive feed. Chemical treatment of rice hulls with formaldehyde or 10% MCFA provided additional reduction in detectible RNA. Finally, dust collected after manufacturing PEDV-inoculated feed has the potential to serve as a vector for PEDV transmission.
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影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Bowman, Andrew S.;Krogwold, Roger A.;Moeller, Steven J.
通讯作者：
Moeller, Steven J.
消除动物饲料生产设施中的猪流行性腹泻病毒。
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Huss AR;Schumacher LL;Cochrane RA;Poulsen E;Bai J;Woodworth JC;Dritz SS;Stark CR;Jones CK
通讯作者：
Jones CK
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Pasick J;Berhane Y;Ojkic D;Maxie G;Embury-Hyatt C;Swekla K;Handel K;Fairles J;Alexandersen S
通讯作者：
Alexandersen S
影响因子：
1
作者：
Schumacher, Loni L.;Woodworth, Jason C.;Dritz, Steve S.
通讯作者：
Dritz, Steve S.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Thomas JT;Chen Q;Gauger PC;Giménez-Lirola LG;Sinha A;Harmon KM;Madson DM;Burrough ER;Magstadt DR;Salzbrenner HM;Welch MW;Yoon KJ;Zimmerman JJ;Zhang J
通讯作者：
Zhang J