Patterns of Toxoplasma gondii cyst distribution in the forebrain associate with individual variation in predator odor avoidance and anxiety-related behavior in male Long-Evans rats.
Patterns of Toxoplasma gondii cyst distribution in the forebrain associate with individual variation in predator odor avoidance and anxiety-related behavior in male Long-Evans rats.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbi.2013.11.012
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发表时间：
2014-03
影响因子：
15.1
通讯作者：
Sapolsky, Robert M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evans, Andrew K.;Strassmann, Patrick S.;Lee, I-Ping;Sapolsky, Robert M.
关键词：
弓形虫（T. gondii）是世界上最成功的脑寄生虫之一。弓形虫通过寄生虫操纵宿主行为，并且从流行病学角度来看，感染与许多精神疾病有关。弓形虫改变宿主行为的机制尚不清楚，但神经解剖学囊肿的存在和局部宿主对囊肿的免疫反应是潜在的候选者。这些研究的目的是检验以下假设：弓形虫对特定宿主行为的操纵取决于感染后时间依赖性功能中囊肿的神经解剖学位置。我们在 6 周的时间内检查了受感染大鼠在高架十字迷宫和开放场地中出现捕食者气味厌恶行为和焦虑相关行为后的神经解剖学囊肿分布（53 个前脑区域）。此外，我们还检查了小胶质细胞在整个时间过程中对寄生虫反应的证据。我们的研究结果表明，虽然囊肿随机分布在整个前脑，但感染后 3 周开始的囊肿定位的个体差异可以解释弓形虫对行为影响的个体差异。此外，并非所有受感染的大鼠都会在前脑中形成囊肿，捕食者气味厌恶的减弱和焦虑相关行为的变化与特定前脑区域中囊肿的存在有关。最后，对囊肿的免疫反应是惊人的。这些数据为检验有关弓形虫改变特定大脑区域行为的近似机制的假设提供了基础，包括弓形虫与宿主免疫反应之间建立稳态的后果。
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is one of the world’s most successful brain parasites. T. gondii engages in parasite manipulation of host behavior and infection has been epidemiologically linked to numerous psychiatric disorders. Mechanisms by which T. gondii alters host behavior are not well understood, but neuroanatomical cyst presence and the localized host immune response to cysts are potential candidates. The aim of these studies was to test the hypothesis that T. gondii manipulation of specific host behaviors is dependent on neuroanatomical location of cysts in a time-dependent function post-infection. We examined neuroanatomical cyst distribution (53 forebrain regions) in infected rats after predator odor aversion behavior and anxiety-related behavior in the elevated plus maze and open field arena, across a 6-week time course. In addition, we examined evidence for microglial response to the parasite across the time course. Our findings demonstrate that while cysts are randomly distributed throughout the forebrain, individual variation in cyst localization, beginning 3 weeks post-infection, can explain individual variation in the effects of T. gondii on behavior. Additionally, not all infected rats develop cysts in the forebrain, and attenuation of predator odor aversion and changes in anxiety-related behavior are linked with cyst presence in specific forebrain areas. Finally, the immune response to cysts is striking. These data provide the foundation for testing hypotheses about proximate mechanisms by which T. gondii alters behavior in specific brain regions, including consequences of establishment of a homeostasis between T. gondii and the host immune response.
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